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Genetic Errors & Mutations

Genetic Errors & Mutations. DNA Sequence: TAC – AAG – CTG – CAT – ATT RNA Sequence:. AUG – UUC – GAC – GUA – UAA Amino Acid Sequence:. Met – Phenylalanine – Aspartic acid – Valine - STOP. Errors. Transcription is like reading a book. If you change a letter, it will change the word.

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Genetic Errors & Mutations

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  1. Genetic Errors & Mutations

  2. DNA Sequence: TAC – AAG – CTG – CAT – ATT RNA Sequence: AUG – UUC – GAC – GUA – UAA Amino Acid Sequence: Met – Phenylalanine – Aspartic acid – Valine - STOP

  3. Errors Transcription is like reading a book. If you change a letter, it will change the word. Point mutation: single base (letter) is changed BAT becomes CAT ATC becomes GTC

  4. Errors Frameshift mutation: insertion or deletion of nucleotides changes the reading frame Example: “THE CAT SAT” If extra letter “A” is added after “THE” then the sentence will read as “THE ACA TSA T”

  5. Errors So why does this matter? -Silent mutation: results in a codon that code for same amino acid Example: mRNA codon UCU and UCC BOTH codons code for Serine

  6. Errors -Missense mutation: results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid Example: If mRNA codon GAG is changed to GUG GAG Glutamic Acid GUG Valine Example: Sickle-Cell Anemia T-Boz from TLC

  7. Errors -Nonsense mutation: stop codon is transcribed in place of codon that codes for an amino acid Example: mRNA codon UAC is changed to UAA UAC  Tyrosine UAA  STOP  shortened protein chain

  8. Translocation

  9. Meiosis Review Cell division occurs TWICE - at the end of Meiosis I & Meiosis II

  10. Nondisjunction

  11. Trinucleotide (Triplet) Repeat Expansion A triplet (3) of nucleotides, like CAG, repeat over and over. Protein will be either too long, or not made at all

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