1 / 18

CHAPTER 3: Brain, Body, and Behavior

CHAPTER 3: Brain, Body, and Behavior. Examining the Brain -- Brain controls every thought, action, and feeling we have-- Most demanding organ of body -- Brain uses 20% oxygen, brain needs 125-150 grams of sugar per day to function, and 20 watts of electrical power.

eliana-odom
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 3: Brain, Body, and Behavior

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 3:Brain, Body, and Behavior Examining the Brain -- Brain controls every thought, action, and feeling we have-- Most demanding organ of body -- Brain uses 20% oxygen, brain needs 125-150 grams of sugar per day to function, and 20 watts of electrical power

  2. Brain divided into two halves (each 1/2 is a hemisphere) Each one controls the opposite side of body Fissure: middle, indentation, goes front and back, depression in brain Corpus Callusom : if you pull two hemispheres apart you see bundle of fibers: -- this contains several million nerve fibers that help the 1/2’s communicate II. Hemispheres

  3. Frontal Lobe: Front most part Motor Strip: every part of body capable of moving Parietal Lobe: 1. Area behind the frontal lobe 2. Sensory strip: if stimulated, person feels sensations in different areas (leg, arm, ear, etc.) LobesBrain is divided into 4 sections or lobes

  4. III. Lobes continued • Occipital Lobe: --very back of brain --makes sense out of what we see • Temporal Lobe: --part looks like thumb --contains major center for hearing, speech, language E. Brain sits in fluid that acts like shock absorber, giving it room to move back and forth

  5. IV. Frontal Association Area • Interpret what is going on and tell us what to do and feel and how to react • Core of person’s personality • Size of FAA reflects intelligence level of species • Social control/environment • Phineas P. Gage

  6. V. Hemispheres • Everyone has a dominant hemisphere (one is always preferred) • Not inherited • Ambidextrous (left and right handed) • Right vs. Left • 1. Intelligence about the same for both • 2. Right is better in art, music, acting, math, emotions, spacial reasoning • 3. Left is better in speech, language, logic, writing, verbal

  7. VI. Cerebral Cortex and Lower Brain • Hemisphere, lobes, FAA are all parts of the Cerebral Cortex • Outermost layer of brain • Controls high level thought • Cerebral means intelligence: 2/3 nerve cells • Cortex means bark (layer of bark on a tree)

  8. VI. Continued • Thalamus: relay station to send incoming and outgoing messages to and from brain • Cerebellum: whenever you move, it makes sure you stay on balance, remain coordinated, and get you where you want to go

  9. VI. Continued C. Hypothalamus: 1. Sits below thalamus 2. Size of a large pea 3. Controls rage, pleasure, hunger, thirst, and sexual drive • Reticular Activating System (RAS) 1. Base of brain inside spinal cord 2. Regulates how alert and sleepy we are 3. Blow could cause unconsciousness

  10. VII. Brain Communication • All parts need to communicate • How do we get these parts to talk? • We need many nerve cells that are separate but still able to alternate signals from one to another

  11. 1. Neurons • Each nerve cell separated • Body has fibers sticking out • Shorter are DENDRITES (receive information from other nerve cells and send it through axon • Longer are AXONS (carries messages from cell to other neurons)

  12. 2. Synapse • Space between endings of axon and waiting dendrites

  13. Neurotransmitters • Vesicles: where axon ends just before synapses (Filled with small containers look like bubbles) • Inside sits 1000’s of chemical “messengers” • Molecules are called neurotransmitters b/c they send nerve information from one end of axon over synapses to dendrite receptors

  14. Acetylocholine: a neurotransmitter used to send information • Dopamine: a neurotransmitter • A deficiency in this causes Alzheimers and Parkinson’s --controls movement c. Endorphins: neurotransmitter that relieves pain, increase sense of well-being (morphine) p. 78 • Spinal Cord: • All nerve impulses must enter and leave spinal cord • In 1st stage of emergency, spinal cord reacts before brain 3. Example: head cut off of frog

  15. VIII. Glandular System • Messages: some need to stay in system • These messages are called hormones (turn other parts of body) • These chemicals are held in glands • All glands and chemicals messages are part of the endocrine system

  16. VIII. continued • Pituitary Gland: • Master gland • Controlled by hypothalamus • Sends messages that start other glands • Decide how tall and short we are • Makes growth hormone

  17. Thyroid Gland Controls metabolism (speed at which body operates) Plays a big role in suicide (April/May) Adrenal Gland 1. Right and left side of body, above navel and to back 2. Over-excited body 3. Produce adrenaline: prepares us for emergency Breathing rapid, blood pressure goes up, muscles tense, sugar dumps into system, armpits and feet sweat, blood clots faster Gonads Sex glands: male sperm or eggs for reproduction Male = adrogen Female = estrogen Both male and female have both Sex drive started by hormone, taken over by cerebral cortex which makes it social, symbolic, and physical Glands continued

More Related