Environmental Toxins and Their E ffects on Animal and Human H ealth

1. Environmental Toxins and Their Effects on Animal and Human Health

2. POLLUTION • The introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem.

3. Different Types of Pollution • Air • car exhaust, CO² emissions, dust, excessive gasses • Water • oil spills, fertilizer and chemical runoff • Soil • waste, land fills, non-sustainable farming • Radioactive • Nuclear power plants: accidents, waste

4. Pollution in Our World • Rapid urbanization and economic development have led to haphazard industrial planning in cities. • Developing Countries struggling with waste management and high levels of pollution. • It is cheaper to dump (toxic) waste than to dispose of it properly.

5. Facts • 40% of America’s rivers/lakes are too polluted for fishing, swimming, and aquatic life. • 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water, and industrial waste dumped into US waters annually. • 60% of all carbon monoxide emissions nation wide are from vehicle exhausts. • Each year, US factories spew 3 million tons of toxic chemicals into the air, land, and water.

6. Types of Toxicants • Carcinogens • Mutagens • Teratogens • Neurotoxins • Allergens • Endocrine Disruptors

7. 10 Most Toxic Cities • Linfen, China • Haina, Dominican Republic • Ranipet, India • Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan • La Oroya, Peru • Dzerzinsk, Russia • Norilsk, Russia • Rudnaya Pristan, Russia • Chernobyl, Ukraine • Kabwe, Zambia

8. Toxins vs. Health Arsenic  Cancer Barium  Kidney Damage Lead  Organ Failure Heavy Metals  Nervous Damage Pesticides  Birth Defects (some toxins have several effects)

9. Worst Polluted Countries • CO2 Emissions #1 Qatar #2 United Arab Emirates#3 Kuwait #4 Bahrain#5 United States • Waste Generation (per person per year)#1 Denmark: 560 kgs#2 Netherlands: 530 kgs #3 United Kingdom: 480 kgs#4 United States: 460 kgs#5 Belgium: 450 kgs • Pollution (carbon dioxide 1999) #1 United States#2 Russia#3 Japan #4 India #5 Germany • Pollution > Nuclear waste #1 United States#2 Canada#3 France#4 Japan#5 United Kingdom

10. Global CO² Emissions RankCountryAnnual CO2 EmissionsPercentage of Global Total(in thousands of metric tons) ~* World 29,888,121 100% 1.  China 7,031,916 23.33% 2.  United States 5,461,014 18.11% ~ *European Union* (27) 4,177,817.86 14.04% 3.  India 1,742,698 5.78% 4.  Russia 1,708,653 5.67% 5.  Japan 1,208,163 4.01% 6.  Germany 786,660 2.61% 7.  Canada 544,091 1.80% 8.  Iran 538,404 1.79% 9.  United Kingdom 522,856 1.73% 10.  South Korea 509,170 1.69%

11. Minamata Bay, Japan • Fishing Community • 1907, Factory Built (Chisso Corporation) • 1925, Industrial runoff poisons Bay. • Mercury exposure • Poisoned Food Chain • Result: -Minamata disease

12. Minamata Disease • Neurological disease • First found in cats who ate poisoned fish. • Over 3,000 victims. • Symptoms include: - difficulty hearing/seeing - difficulty walking - tremors - brain damage - birth defects

13. Oil Spills • Destroys natural habitat • Taints the ocean floor • Hypoxia • Contaminates food chain • Harmful exposure • Ingested and on contact • Oil effects • Poisonous and cancerous

16. Gulf War Oil Spill • Worst in history • Persian Gulf • 1.5 million tons of oil (8 million gallons)