John M. Nestler USAE Engineering Research & Development Center Vicksburg, Mississippi

1. First Principles Based Attributes for Describing a Template to Develop the Reference River Analyzing Sustainability: A Conceptual Approach How To Decide What to Do John M. Nestler USAE Engineering Research & Development Center Vicksburg, Mississippi Piotr Parasiewicz Cornell University Ithaca, New York N. LeRoy Poff Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado Zack Bowen US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Fort Collins, Colorado

2. Alt A Alt A Sustainable Benefits / percent change Benefits / percent change Alt B Alt B Flood Hydro- Water Natural Control Power Supply Resources Cost Fish Nutrients Habitat USES USES • The Challenge - At Basin Scales • Optimize Uses / Predict & Assess Impacts • Manage & Restore Natural Resources

3. ? Where Do The Tools/Concepts Come From? How Do They Relate to Each Other? How Is Science Information Used? IF WE CANNOT ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS THEN WE CANNOT ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT Decision EQ Trade-off Analysis Stake Holder Consultation Inter-disciplinary Evaluation and Summarization Information Acquisition Through Scientific Specialties: Engineering, Biology, Hydrology, Fisheries, etc

4. 15 12 9 6 Habitat Area Q 0.1 1 10 30 50 70 90 99.9 % Time Equaled or Exceeded Time (months) CONCEPTS: River Continuum Concept YEAR: 1980 1985 1990 1995 CONCEPTS: Water Resources Engineering Serial Discontinuity Concept IFIM (Hydraulic & Hydrologic) Template Variable a (Hydrologic) Variable b (Physical) Variable c (Chemical) Variable d (Biotic) Synthetic Incremental Temperature & Water Quality Flood Pulse & Patch Dynamics Multi-Dimensional Hydraulic & Water Quality Modeling Natural River & Normative River Importance of Hydrological Patterns ReferenceRiver --------------- Template Biological Modeling

5. Acquiring, Preserving, Integrating, & Using Knowledge • Incremental: Relax connection to • legal / institutional history & Embrace FPs • Synthetic: Quantitative • Use idea of “Reference” & “Template” to • integrate the two approaches with FPs

6. Why Are FPs Important? “….in seeking regularity and focusing on the most salient features in their environment, in order to endure and thrive, animals have empirically discovered the laws of nature.” Kalmijn, A. J. (2000). Detection and processing of electromagnetic and near-field acoustic signals in elasmobranch fishes. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London series B, 355(1401), 1135-1141.

7. 1 0 V 1 0 ? D V D V W D 1 0 C Calculating Q vs Calculating Habitat CSi=SV x SD x SC TOTAL H= (TWi x CSi) Qi=V x (D x W) TOTAL Q =  Qi W WImpacted Stream ~= W suit. stream

8. A B How Is Habitat Structured in Rivers? C 140- 120- 100- DEPTH 80- 60- 40- 20- 0- 0 50 100 150 200 250 LATERAL DISTANCE

9. HISTORICAL EXISTING 345.5 345.5 344.5 344.5 343.5 343.5 Elevation (meters) HISTORICAL Elevation (meters) 2.0 342.5 342.5 EXISTING Mean Angle (degrees) 341.5 341.5 1.0 Area=1623.1 m2 Area=1265.2 m2 340.5 340.5 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Lateral Distance (meters) Lateral Distance (meters) 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Scale (meters) Historical vs Existing Conditions Nestler and Sutton 2000

10. Scale Analysis Shows Changes in MO River

11. 31 28 25 22 19 16 13 Moving Virtual Hydroacoustics Beam 6 4 2 What are fish responding to ? CE-QUAL-W2 Hydrodynamic & Water Quality Model by Tom Cole et al. Nestler, Goodwin, Cole, Dennerline, Degan (2002)

12. Constructive Criticism?