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Harmonized Research on ITS

Explore the safety risks and challenges of implementing in-vehicle Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Discover government roles, safety benefits, and potential adverse effects. Learn about driver distractions, assistance systems, and safety research programs.

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Harmonized Research on ITS

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  1. Harmonized Research on ITS UNECE ITC: ITS RoundtableGeneva Feb 18, 2004 Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Director, Standards Research and Development Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada TransportCanada

  2. Outline • The safety risks of in-vehicle ITS • Governments’ role and challenges • International Harmonized Research Agenda • IHRA and WP.29 liaison

  3. Of all transportation-related fatalities, 94% are on the road Road Air Marine Rail WHO estimates 1,171,000 deaths annually costing $2,342,000,000,000

  4. Focus on Human Error (Treatet al.1977)

  5. Positioning & tracking Transportation objectives Digital maps • Reduce congestion • Improve safety • Increase efficiency • Improve comfort • Improve transit services • Reduce fuel consumption • Reduce emissions Telecommunications Microprocessors Image processors Information databases Traffic management Traffic monitoring Smart cards Automated aids Intelligent Transport Systems

  6. Intelligent Automobiles • In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) - compete with driving task: • telecommunications and infotainment systems (e.g., e-mail, Internet access), navigation systems • Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)- support driving task: • collision warning systems, adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, lane change aids, and parking aids.

  7. + Driving Task ITS Collisions - ITS Safety, or IS IT? • ITS technology is safety neutral - Its implementation is safety critical • Safety impact depends largely on the extent to which the system supports users’ needs, and is compatible with human capabilities and limitations

  8. Government’s Role • Encourage technologies that are likely to have safety benefits • Discourage technologies that are likely to have an adverse effect on safety

  9. Direct Safety Risks - IVIS • Driver distraction • Driver overload • Driver confusion

  10. Distraction 23% Obstructed Vision 5% Excessive Inattention Speed 6% 19% Roadway Surface 6% Drunk Misjudged gap/velocity 10% 8% Human Causes of Crashes (NHTSA, 1995)  Errors of Situation Awareness43% 

  11. I was distracted for a moment. Go on Driver Distractions • Visual (eyes off road) • Manual (hands off wheel) • Cognitive (mind off driving) • Auditory (sounds)

  12. Sources of Distraction • Wireless communication (cell phones) • Navigation system destination entry • Map and other complex visual displays • In-vehicle office tasks (e-mail, PDA, Internet) • Infotainment (location-based services, DVD) • Warnings from driver assistance systems • Multifunction displays and controls

  13. Levels of Driver Assistance • Information • Warning • Active controls (e.g., gas pedal) • Partial control of vehicle functions (steering, stop&go) • Complete control of vehicle (AHS)

  14. Direct Safety Risks - ADAS • Driver distraction • Driver overload • Driver confusion • False or nuisance alarms • Command effect

  15. Rationalizing Automation • Each level has unique safety issues • Each level must coexist with other levels • Progression from one level to next is not incremental– it represents a radical change to the driving task

  16. Indirect Safety Risks • Behavioural adaptation • Increased exposure • Loss of skill & negative transfer • Violation of expectation (by non-users) • Collision migration (MV to SV, to other users, etc.)

  17. ITS Safety Research Programs • Europe • EC FP5: HASTE • EC FP6: eSafety, AIDE, PReVENT, HUMANIST • France, UK, Germany (ADAM), Netherlands • North America • CAMP, IVI, SAVE-IT • Japan • ASV • Australia

  18. Key Challenges for Government • Traditional policy paradigms not suitable: • Design cycle shorter than policy cycle • Technology is diversifying rapidly • Behavioural science lags technology • Integration by consumer, not industry • Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid

  19. Need for New Paradigm • Driver-system integration must be an integral part of motor transport system development.This has implications for: • System design • Regulatory policy

  20. the Netherlands Poland Sweden U.K. U.S.A. EC EEVC Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):International Harmonized Research Activities • Australia • Canada • France • Germany • Hungary • Italy • Japan

  21. ESV: IHRA Working Groups • Active safety • Intelligent Transport Systems • Passive safety • Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection • Pedestrian Safety • Biomechanics • Vehicle Compatibility • Side Impact

  22. IHRA-ITS : Objectives • to coordinate international policy-oriented research to minimize the potential adverse consequences of on-board ITS technologies. • to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of in-vehicle information, control and communication systems. • to provide an international view of the state of research into understanding the safety impact of driver workload and distraction.

  23. Aspects of System Safety • System Reliability • Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode. • Human Machine Interaction (HMI) • Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface, definition of dialogue between the user and the system. • Overall Traffic System • The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.

  24. Summary of Activities • Conceptual Framework • Workshops • Survey of current research • Priority Projects

  25. IHRA ITS Priority Projects • Development of a harmonized safety evaluation methodology framework • Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems • Human factors principles checklist • Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior • Simulator reference test scenarios • Improved secondary task methodology for evaluating safety effects of driver workload • Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety measures

  26. Importance of ITS Safety Research • Elaborates the role of governments with respect to ITS safety • ITS safety is currently unregulated; therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized policies based on shared scientific understanding of the issues

  27. IHRA-WP.29 Liaison • IHRA research focus • Summarize state of knowledge • Coordinate joint research • Develop test procedures • WP.29 regulatory focus • Identify regulatory needs and priorities. • IHRA could coordinate the regulatory development research needed to support WP.29 work program

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