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Splash Screen. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Intro 1. The French and Indian War. The conflict between the French and English over dominance in Europe in the late 1600s and 1700s finally spilled over in America. *Ohio became a source of struggle

elijah-wolfe
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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Intro 1

  3. The French and Indian War • The conflict between the French and English over dominance in Europe in the late 1600s and 1700s finally spilled over in America. • *Ohio became a source of struggle • -1754 Gov. of Va. Sent George Washington to survey the area • -encountering fire at Fort Duquesne, Washington built Fort Necessity, which was later captured • (Washington was allowed to leave unharmed) Section 1-5

  4. For the next two years, the French and Indian War was fought on the frontier. • The Treaty of Paris finally ended the war in 1763, and for the most part eliminated French power in North America. (pages 74–75) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

  5. Results of the F. & I. War Allowed colonists to spread further without fear of the Indians -Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited colonial movement past the Appalachian Mountains (2) Spanish pulled out of Florida (left only a small number of troops behind) (3) Indians left without backup (many great leaders were killed ) (4) Allowed some to see our future = one without the British

  6. The Colonies Grow Discontented • The 1763 British victory caused an enormous British debt. -Britain looked to its colonies to help pay for the war. -desire to keep the colonists under their control prompted the British to pass a controversial act. (pages 76–77) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-14

  7. Sugar Act in the colonies -This act increased tax rates for raw sugar and molasses. -It placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, and indigo. -Colonists argued that they were being taxed without representation in Parliament. Section 1-18

  8. The Colonies Grow Discontented (cont.) What were the results of the French & Indian War? (pages 76–77) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-20

  9. The Colonies Grow Discontented (cont.) George Grenville, the British prime minister, implemented new tax policies in the colonies to pay for the French and Indian War. One law sent smugglers to a new vice-admiralty court run by naval officers who were unsympathetic to smugglers. The Sugar Act in the colonies changed tax rates for raw sugar and molasses imported from foreign colonies. It placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, and indigo. Parliament also passed the Currency Act of 1784. This banned the use of paper money in the colonies, angering colonial farmers and artisans who used paper money to pay back loans. (pages 76–77) Section 1-21

  10. The Stamp Act Crisis • To raise more money to pay for the war, Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765. • -Stamps were required on most printed materials. • -The stamp tax was the first direct tax Britain had ever placed on the colonists. • The Quartering Act, 1765, forced the colonists to pay more for their own defense by providing places for British troops in the colonies to stay. • -Why? (pages 77–78) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-22

  11. The Stamp Act Crisis(cont.) • When the Stamp Act took effect, the colonists ignored it. • began to boycott British goods. • Colonial merchants signed a nonimportation agreement, • -agreeing not to buy any British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed. • The protests led to the Stamp Act being repealed in 1766. (pages 77–78) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-24

  12. The Stamp Act Crisis(cont.) What acts did Parliament pass to raise money to pay for the government’s expenses in America? To raise more money to pay for the war, Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765. Stamps were required on most printed materials. The Quartering Act, passed by Parliament in 1765, forced the colonists to pay more for their own defense by providing places for British troops in the colonies to stay. (pages 77–78) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-26

  13. The Townshend Acts(cont.) • On March 5, 1770, British troops fired into a crowd of colonists in Boston; this became the Boston Massacre. -The British were viewed as tyrants who were killing people standing up for their rights. -In response, Britain repealed the Townshend Acts, leaving only one tax on tea to uphold its right to tax the colonies. (pages 78–79) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-32

  14. Massachusetts Defies Britain(cont.) Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773, -to help the almost bankrupt East India Tea Company -which made East India’s tea cheaper than smuggled Dutch Tea. -American merchants feared it was the first step by the British to force them out of business. (pages 82–85) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

  15. Massachusetts Defies Britain(cont.) • In December 1773, tea ships from the East India Company arrived in Boston Harbor. • -Colonists boarded the ship and dumped the tea into the harbor. • -This became known as the Boston Tea Party. • -Britain then passed some very harsh acts which punished the colonists. (pages 82–85) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

  16. The Revolution Begins(cont.) • On April 18, 1775, British General Gage and his troops set out to seize the militia’s supply depot at Concord & Lexington • When the British arrived in Lexington, about 70 minutemen were waiting for them. • The British fired at the minutemen, killing 8 and wounding 10. (pages 85–87) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-18

  17. The Revolution Begins(cont.) • After the battles at Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to address the issue of defense. • On June 15, 1775, Congress appointed George Washington to head the Continental Army. (pages 85–87) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-21

  18. The Decision for Independence • In July 1775, the Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to the king. -said that the colonies were still loyal to King George III -asked the king to call off the army while a compromise could be made. -tried to make peace -he refused to look at it (pages 87–89) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-25

  19. In January 1776, Common Sense, by Thomas Paine, caused many coloniststo call for independence from Britain. • On July 4, 1776, Continental Congress accepted a document written by Thomas Jefferson. • -stated why the colonies had to separate • -pleaded with other countries to understand and not get involved • -Sent Declaration of Independence to King George • . (pages 87–89) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-30

  20. Causes and Effects 3

  21. M/C 3-1

  22. Groups in America: (1) Americans who remained loyal to the king were called Loyalists, or Tories. (2) The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were tyrants. What groups of people made up each group? (3) German Hessians- mercenaries hired to fight Americans

  23. The Opposing Sides • The British forces had to fight both the Continental army and local militias. -These militias often used guerrilla warfare, where they hid among trees and behind walls and then ambushed the British troops. -British used mercenaries from Germany (Hessians) (pages 94–95) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-7

  24. The Opposing Sides(cont.) What disadvantages did the British forces and the Continental army face in the war? (pages 94–95) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3-9

  25. The Opposing Sides(cont.) The British forces had to fight the Continental army and local militias. These militias often used guerrilla warfare, which was difficult to defeat. The British were not united at home and needed to win the war quickly and cheaply or opinion in Parliament might shift to oppose the war. The Continental army was inexperienced, poorly equipped, and had difficulty enlisting and keeping soldiers. The Continental army lacked the power to tax, so it had a difficult time paying for the war. (pages 94–95) Section 3-10

  26. The Northern Campaign • George Washington planned unexpected winter attacks against the British troops at Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey. • -crossed the Delaware on Christmas Eve -Washington and his troops won these attacks - defeated the Hessi -then headed into the hills of northern New Jersey for the remainder of winter. (pages 95–97) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-14

  27. In 1777, the British tried to achieve the goal of cutting new England off from the rest of the colonies. General Burgoyne's large army was surrounded at Saratoga and surrendered. The victory at Saratoga led to an alliance with France. ***Both France and Spain worried about American expansion.

  28. American forces in Pennsylvania were forced to retreat into Valley Forge. By the end of 1778, the war remained a stalemate. In the West, Ohio Indians allied with the British and attacked American settlements.

  29. The Northern Campaign(cont.) Why was the British surrender at Saratoga a turning point in the war for the Americans? The American victory was a turning point because it improved American morale and convinced France to send troops to the American cause. (pages 95–97) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3-19

  30. The War is Won • British General Cornwallis was to secure a naval base on the coast, and he headed to the coastal town of Yorktown. • On September 28, 1781, American and French troops surrounded Yorktown. • On October 19, 1781, British troops surrendered. (pages 98–99) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-30

  31. The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783. • In the treaty, the British recognized the United States as a new nation with the Mississippi River as its western border. • Now what to do? How do we establish a new government? • That will be answered in the next unit. (pages 98–99) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-31

  32. New Political Ideas • America had established a republic, or a form of government where power resides with a body of citizens with the right to vote. • *What would be the perfect republic? • In an ideal republic, all citizens are equal under the law and the government gets its authority from the people. (pages 100–102) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-5

  33. The Achievements of theConfederation • In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation. • This was a plan for a loose union of the states under Congress. (pages 103–105) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-21

  34. The Articles of Confederation set up a weak central government. • The Confederation Congress met just once a year. • It had the power to declare war, raise armies, and sign treaties. • It, however, did not have the power to impose taxes or regulate trade. (pages 103–105) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-22

  35. M/C 4-3

  36. Weaknesses of the Congress • Many Americans began to see the risk of having a weak central government. • -In 1786, Shays' Rebellion broke out in western Massachusetts when farmers closed down courts to prevent debt executions. • This worried Americans & they argued for a stronger central government. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-33

  37. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4

  38. What were some of the weaknesses of the AOC? (pages 105–106) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4-34

  39. (cnt.) -Congress could not regulate commerce,. -The federal government had no powers over the states .-national government could not coin money -Congress had no way to raise money to pay these debts.. (pages 105–106) Section 4-35

  40. Critical Thinking Analyzing How did fear of tyranny shape new state constitutions andthe Articles of Confederation? New state constitutions and the Articles of Confederation provided many individual freedoms to prevent tyranny. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4-39

  41. A NEW NATIONAL GOVERNMENT Nationalists argued for a stronger central government to deal with the economic crisis of the 1780s. Representatives from five states met in Annapolis, to have something done about the AOC. Have a convention for ONLY REVISING the AOC. Delegates from twelve states assembled in Philadelphia in May 1787.

  42. Most of the 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention had experience in government. -George Washington was presiding officer. -James Madison kept records of the debates. -The meetings were closed to the public. (pages 108–110) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 5-7

  43. Issue #1: Representation in Congress **The New Jersey Plan proposed -a one house legislature, with one vote for each state (This plan favored the small states) -a weak executive of more than one person elected by Congress -a national judiciary with limited powers,

  44. **The Virginia Plan proposed -a strong executive -a national judiciary -a strong two-house legislature. (This plan favored the large, more populous states)

  45. Solution: Connecticut Compromise, which proposed a legislative branch with two parts: -a House of Representatives with state representation based on population -a Senate with two members from each state, regardless of size. -This compromise gave the large states an advantage in the House and protected the smaller states in the Senate. Section 5-11

  46. Issue #2: H of R numbers • The Three-Fifths Compromise came up with a plan for counting enslaved people in a state. -Every five enslaved people in a = three free persons for determining both representation and taxes. (pages 110–111) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 5-16

  47. A Union Built on Compromise Issue #3: Regulation of Trade -Northern delegates wanted a government with control over foreign imports into the United States. -A compromise over these issues said that the new Congress could not tax exports. -They also agreed that it could not ban the slave trade until 1808 or impose high taxes on the import of enslaved persons. (pages 110–111) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 5-17

  48. -Supporters of the Constitution called themselves Federalists. -Anti-Federalist opponents feared the Constitution gave too much power to the central government -James Madison, Alexander, Hamilton, and John Jay published the influential The Federalist Papers that helped secure passage. Ratifying the Constitution

  49. Protecting Individual Rights • In 1791 ten amendments to the Constitution went into effect. -known as the Bill of Rights offered safeguards for individual rights against actions of the federal government. (pages 152–153) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

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