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The ECM Textbook

The ECM Textbook. The ECM Textbook. Table of Contents History of ECM Constant Airflow ECM Constant Torque ECM Constant Speed ECM. The ECM Textbook. History of ECM v3.0. Page 1. History of ECM Technology. 1987 General Electric introduces first ECM to residential HVAC 2004

elijah-wolfe
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The ECM Textbook

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  1. The ECM Textbook

  2. The ECM Textbook Table of Contents History of ECM Constant Airflow ECM Constant Torque ECM Constant Speed ECM

  3. The ECM Textbook History of ECM v3.0

  4. Page 1 History of ECM Technology 1987 • General Electric introduces first ECM to residential HVAC 2004 • Regal Beloit purchases the ECM, PSC and Capacitor divisions from GE with permission to brand as:

  5. History of ECM Technology Page 1 Regal-Beloit Corporation Background • Public Corporation established in 1955 - • History • 50s to 70s - Special Cutting Tools • 80s to 90s – Mechanical Power Transmission • 90s to 00s – Motors and Generators • Largest Non-Captive Motor supplier globally • #1 Commercial and Industrial and #1 HVAC • Recognized Motor Brands NYSE – RBC

  6. History of ECM Technology Page 1 History in the Making 2009 • Regal Beloit introduces a new brand for all of the GE _______ by REGAL BELOIT divisions.

  7. History of ECM Technology Page 2 New Name, same reputation for innovative, premium comfort and electrical components Proven reputation for high quality, highly reliable products and strong customer relationships A wealth of information at your fingertips www.GenteqMotors.com www.GenteqComfort.com

  8. Page 3 Overview of ECM Technology • ECM (Electronically Commutated Motor) • Brushless DC, permanent magnet rotor • More efficient than PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor) motors • Used throughout HVACR • Programmable • Direct drive fractional horse power motors ECM PSC

  9. Page 3 Overview of ECM Technology • Mid 1900’s PSC replaces shaded pole as standard • Better starting torque and efficiency • Low cost and simple • Limited operation due to fixed motor poles, fixed supplied frequency (60 Hz), 3-5 speeds • Slave to airside resistance PSC

  10. Page 4 Overview of ECM Technology • PSC Motor Chart • Synchronous speed = Frequency x 120 / Poles • Rated Speed = Synchronous speed minus electrical and mechanical losses in the motor and load • Operation range = The range the motor will typically operate at under load

  11. Page 4 Overview of ECM Technology • PSC peak efficiency is 60% at design rated speed and load • Efficiency degrades by load and speed changes • Efficiency loss of the rotor • Basic A/C motor design, rotor follows the rotating field (magnetic effect) in the stator PSC

  12. Page 5 Overview of ECM Technology • ECM – Basic electric motor operated by a microprocessor based control • Line voltage powers control, control operates motor from communication and programming • Ability to control Torque, Speed or both • Increased range of operation and efficiency • More precise control than speed taps • Ability to compensate for airside restrictions

  13. Page 5 Overview of ECM Technology • Old definition • ICM (Integrated Control Module) • Current definition • ECM (Electronically Commutated Motor) • Commutate – change or reverse the direction of an electric current (the means by which all electric motors rotate)

  14. Page 5 Overview of ECM Technology • The Genteq™ motor, currently used by most residential HVAC systems is a brushless DC, three-phase motor with a permanent magnet rotor. • Motor phases are sequentially energized by the electronic control, powered from a single-phase supply. • Made of two components • Motor Control (control module) • Motor (motor control) Motor Control 3-Phase Motor

  15. Page 5 Overview of ECM Technology • Motor Control and Motor as separate components • Motor Control integrated into the motor shell Motor Motor Motor Control Motor Control

  16. Page 6 Overview of ECM Technology • The Motor Control • Connected to single phase (1Ø) 120, 240 or 460vac 50 or 60 cycle power (Hz) • AC power is converted to DC power to operate the electronics • DC power is converted to a three phase (3Ø) signal to drive motor • Microprocessor controls frequency (RPM) and torque (power) delivered to motor. Motor Permanent magnet rotor Motor Control

  17. Page 6 Overview of ECM Technology • The Motor Control • Microprocessor operates motor by program and communication from HVAC system • AC or DC voltage, PWM or DSI • Unique features by program specific to each motor • Constant Airflow, Constant Torque, Constant Speed • Ability to monitor and control current and frequency • Typical operating range of 600-1200 rpm Motor Permanent magnet rotor Motor Control

  18. Page 6 Overview of ECM Technology • The Motor • Three phase motor, permanent magnet rotor • Electrical efficiency • Brushless (Electronically Commutated) • 80% electrically efficient across entire operating range Permanent magnet rotor Motor Control

  19. Page 7 Overview of ECM Technology • Genteq ECM motor types • Constant Airflow (Variable Speed) indoor blower motor • Current OEM models include Think Tank 2.3 & 3.0, out of production models include 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 • Constant Torque indoor blower motor • OEM model X13 and aftermarket retrofit model Evergreen • Constant Speed • Current outdoor fan motor OEM model 142R, out of production model 142 • Current commercial refrigeration models ARKTIC/ICE 59, ARKTIC SSC, and ARKTIC/ICE 142, out of production models include 44/64 frame, 58mm, 84mm, SSC and SSC2

  20. Page 7

  21. Page 8 Overview of ECM Technology • Benefit of Technology • Electrical Efficiency • Program more precise and controlled operation • Wider range of operation • Enhance consumer comfort • Dehumidification • Constant Fan • Soft Start/Stop • Improved Airflow Permanent magnet rotor Motor Control

  22. That’s All Folks!

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