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The Hellenistic Period 4 th – 2 nd Centuries, BCE. A. Macedonians. 1. Philip II d. 336 BCE - Hellenization - showdown with Persia. B. Alexander. War & legitimacy - Calisthenes - Granikos River 334; Gaugamela, 331. 2. Alexandrian empire 336-323 BCE. C. The Hellenistic Environment.
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A. Macedonians 1. Philip IId. 336 BCE - Hellenization - showdown with Persia
B. Alexander • War & legitimacy - Calisthenes - Granikos River 334; Gaugamela, 331
C. The Hellenistic Environment 1. Division
2. Cultural fusion - migration - koine “common Greek” 3. Decline of the polis
D. Hellenistic philosophy 1. Aristotle 384-322 BCE - empirical data, careful observation - minimize errors of senses - another early basis of scientific method
2. Anti-Aristotle Zeno - Stoicism Epicurus - purpose is pleasure Diogenes - Cynicism
Hellenistic Legacy 1. Language of the ancient world 2. Western “achievement” not confined to Greeks 3. Accelerated the rise of Rome