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Modernism Modernity Modernisation

Modernism Modernity Modernisation. Johannes Gutenberg. The Enlightenment. the ideology of rationalism. Hall & Gieben(1992) Formations of Modernity. The Ideology of Rational Political Practice. Emmet Kennedy quoted in Bauman:

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Modernism Modernity Modernisation

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  1. Modernism Modernity Modernisation

  2. Johannes Gutenberg

  3. The Enlightenment the ideology of rationalism Hall & Gieben(1992) Formations of Modernity

  4. The Ideology of Rational Political Practice Emmet Kennedy quoted in Bauman: Ideology was understood as the first science, since all sciences consisted of different combinations of ideas..especially the basis of grammar or the science of communicating ideas, logic or the science of combining them and reaching new truths, education, or the science of forming men, morality or the regulation of desires, and finally ‘the greatest of arts, for the success of which all others must cooperate, that of regulating society..

  5. Diego Velazquez portrait of King Philip IV of Spain in 1656

  6. Our Key Words • Ideology • Hegemony • Imperialism • Aesthetics • Romanticism • Modernism MODERNITY

  7. René Descartes (1596-1650) "Cogito ergo sum.” “I think therefore I am”

  8. Les Philosophes John Locke (1632-1704) Essay Concerning Human Understanding: His Tabula Rasa dogma: there are no innate ideas; all knowledge is derived from experience

  9. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) David Hume (1711-1776) Adam Smith (1723-1790) Voltaire (1694-1778) Denis Diderot (1713-1784) Baron Motesquieu (1689-1755) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Wealth of Nations The Social Contract The Encyclopedie Principia Mathematica The Spirit of the Laws Candide A Treatise on Human Nature

  10. The Storming of the Bastille: July 14, 1789

  11. Washington crossing the Delaware: December 25, 1776

  12. Secular Nation States Established in Western Europe: defining social structure of Modernity and engine of Modernisation: the Industrial Revolution

  13. Bourgeois Ideology Rational Rationalism Scientific Scientisim Empirical Empiricism Secular Secularism Didactic Didacticism

  14. The Rise of Bourgeois Culture & Aesthetic Aesthetics: the institutionalisation of Bourgeois taste The expansion of the media The Daily Courant (1702-1735) Tattler Spectator

  15. Culture a metaphor for the Class System Mathew Arnold in the 19c: Culture = “The best that has been thought and said”

  16. Pierre Antoine Baudouin Morning

  17. William Hogarth (1697-1764) Joshua Reynolds on Hogarth: “The painters who have applied themselves more particularly to low and vulgar characters, and who express with precision the various shades of passion, as they are exhibited by vulgar minds, (such as we see in the works of Hogarth), deserve great praise; but as their genius has been employed on low and confined subjects, the praise we give must be as limited as its object”.

  18. Intimations of a Consumer Society

  19. Marimba Ani (1994) Urugu:One of the most prevalent uses of popular art as it collectivises the individual European psyche is in design

  20. Rousseau’s Critique Discourse on the Arts and Sciences (1749): Rousseau challenges basic Enlightenment tenet and argues that apparent cultural and social progress has led only to our real moral degradation. All our arts and sciences have been formed out of idleness and are fed of luxury. Discourse on the Origins of Inequlity (1755): Here he adopts an almost proto- Marxian view and traces the roots of poverty to private property and the envy it generates.

  21. William Hogarth Gin Lane

  22. William Hogarth Before

  23. William Hogarth After

  24. John Clare “The Lament of Swordy Well”

  25. Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811) Captain Cook (1728-79)

  26. Francisco Goya: Disasters of War 1810-20

  27. Francisco Goya: French Execution- Castration

  28. Francisco Goya: French Execution- mutilated man impaled on tree

  29. Francisco Goya: The Third of May 1808

  30. “Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” Walter Benjamin The uniqueness of a work of art is embedded in tradition: when authenticity ceases to be applicable to artistic production the total function of art is reversed and instead of being based on ritual it begins to be based on politics

  31. Atget- “Pantheon”

  32. Baudelaire

  33. Emile Zola and his father

  34. Summary • Enlightenment • scientific rationalism helps design modern state • bourgeois ideology and culture, are established as the guiding principle and the hegemony of modernity • both society and art becomes more secular and their spiritual aspects are diminished • it defines a Euro-centric vision of the world and of experience

  35. Michel Foucault in an interview “Space, Knowledge and Power”: “The central issue of philosophy and critical thought since the 18th century has always been….what is this reason that we use? What are its historical effects? What are its limits and what are its dangers?”

  36. Francisco Goya "Los Caprichos" (1799) - "The Sleep of Reason produces Monsters"

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