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Constituent of abnormal urine

Inorganic. Constituent of abnormal urine. Bile Salts. These are Sodium Glycocholate & Sodium Taurocholate.In normal person there is only a trace of bile salt in urine. Bile salts increase in urine in case of obstructive jaundice. Hay's surface tension test .

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Constituent of abnormal urine

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  1. Inorganic Constituent of abnormal urine

  2. Bile Salts • These are Sodium Glycocholate& Sodium Taurocholate.In normal person there is only a trace of bile salt in urine. Bile salts increase in urine in case of obstructive jaundice

  3. Hay's surface tension test • Take two test tubes label them A & B. • Take 5ml of urine in A & 5ml of water in B. • Place them in stand and sprinkle powder sulphur roughly in equal amounts in both test tubes and wait for few minutes. • Sulphur will sink in test tube A and it will remain floating in test tube B.

  4. Bile Pigment • Coloured compound breakdown product of blood pigment hemoglobin that excreted in bile. • Bile Pigment (bilirubin) is excreted in urine in extra hepatic obstructive jaundice in which there is obstruction to bile flow. • Only the conjugated form is water soluble and may be excreted by kidney. • Most of the test used for the detection of bile pigment depend on the oxidation of bilirubin to different colour compounds such as biliverden (green) & bilicyanin (blue).

  5. Test for Bile Pigment • Foam Test • Take 5ml of urine in test tube. • Shake the test tube. • A yellow foam is formed which persist for some time.

  6. Iodine Test • Take 2ml of urine in test tube. • Add 2ml of 10% alcoholic solution of iodine • A green ring at the junction of two solutions indicates positive test and shows the presence of bile pigment.

  7. Gmelin’s Test • Take 5ml of concentrated Nitric acid solution. • Add 5ml of urine carefully by inclining the test tube so that urine and nitric acid do not mix. • At the point of junction of two solutions various coloured (blue,green,voilet)rings formed from above downward.

  8. Ketone Bodies • Three related compounds produced during the metabolism of fats and synthesized in the liver. • Aceto acetic acid • B-hydroxy butyric acid • Acetone

  9. All these are present in urine in ketoneuria in variable amounts. • In normal urine up to 1 milimol/L may be excreted. • In uncontrolled DM up to 0.1 to 1.0 Mol/L may be found in urine. • The greater part is B-hydroxy butyric acid.

  10. Increased In • Decreased availability of carbohydrate( frequent vomiting). • Starvation • Decrease use of Carbohydrate(DM). • Glycogen storage disease • High fat diet • Low carbohydrate diet

  11. Rothera’sNitrroprusside Test • Take 5ml of saturated urine with a mixture of ammonium sulphate and sodium nitroprusside(100:1) • Add 1-2 ml of strong ammonia. • Pomegranate red colour shows +ve test. • Test may not be immediately positive and colour may appear after few minutes

  12. Test is positive with Acetoacitic acid. • It detects Acetoacitic acid in dilution of 1: 400000 & Acetone in dilution of 1:20000

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