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Chapter 12, Section 2

Chapter 12, Section 2. Reaction and Revolution. Section 1 Recap. The Industrial Revolution starts in GB & spreads worldwide. Every industry is streamlined, every society is changed (new class systems, cities, etc.) Governments “must” react (socialism, etc.).

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Chapter 12, Section 2

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  1. Chapter 12, Section 2 Reaction and Revolution

  2. Section 1 Recap • The Industrial Revolution starts in GB & spreads worldwide. • Every industry is streamlined, every society is changed (new class systems, cities, etc.) • Governments “must” react (socialism, etc.)

  3. Section 2 - Governmental/Political Impact • Societal vs governmental/political impact • Society = how it changed people’s lives, how it affected money, careers, lifestyles, etc. • Governmental/political = wars, laws, world leaders, etc.

  4. The Congress of Vienna • 1814 - Napoleon gone • GB, Austria, Prussia, Russia • Final peace settlement needed • Leader=Prince Klemens von Metternich • Goal = Legitimacy

  5. Results of Vienna • The Conservative Order • Victory for those who wanted to roll back the changes of the French Rev. • Stability > Freedom • Concert of Europe • Principle of Intervention • GB refuses, but the other big 4 use it often (in Spain and Italy)

  6. Forces of Change • Liberalism - people should be as free as possible from government restraint • Basic freedoms should be guaranteed • Examples? • Nationalism - each nationality should have its own government • Away with empires and colonies • Examples?

  7. Forces of Change (cont’d) • These 2 concepts (Ntlsm and Lbrlsm) were natural friends… • And a natural enemy to the “Conservative Order,” The Concert of Europe, and the Principles of Intervention • They WILL clash • In fact, have they already clashed somewhere?

  8. REVOLUTION • When/why do political revolutions happen? • Oppression + Time = Revolution • ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS!!! • This is not some old, historical concept. This is every bit as true today as it has always been.

  9. The Revolutions of 1848 • France, Belgium, and the USA already • 1830 - Charles X (France) dissolves legislature and freedom of press • Louis-Philippe kept on • 1848 - 2nd French Rev. • Violence • Republic + universal male suffrage • New Constitution

  10. The Revolutions of 1848 (cont’d) • 38 independent German states • German Confederation • Austria and Prussia dominate • Frankfurt Assembly • No success…yet… • But oppression + time = revolution

  11. The Revolutions of 1848 (cont’d) • Similar situation in Austria (multinational state) • Germans, Czechs, Magyars, Hungarians, Slovaks, Romanians, Slovenes, Poles, Croats, Serbians, and Italians • Hungarian revolutionaries start fighting • Rebellions crushed…for now… • But oppression + time = revolution • 9 Italian states (Sicily, Naples, etc.) ruled by Hungary • Nationalists want more liberalism in govt. • The rebellions are crushed here too…for now… • But oppression + time = revolution

  12. ALL OF THESE DIFFERENT PEOPLE GROUPS ARE RULED BY ONE EMPEROR (AUSTRIA)

  13. 1848 - 1849 Revolutions & peaceful reforms

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