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DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene Chapter 10

DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene Chapter 10. Chapter 10: Lecture Outline. Historical perspective DNA structure RNA structure. Early historical perspective. We enter the 20 th century with an understanding of the DNA building block.

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DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene Chapter 10

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  1. DNA: The Chemical Nature of the GeneChapter 10

  2. Chapter 10: Lecture Outline • Historical perspective • DNA structure • RNA structure

  3. Early historical perspective

  4. We enter the 20th century with an understanding of the DNA building block.

  5. Some Experimental Data leading to DNA as biological source of DNA • Griffith’s • Avery et al. • Hershey and Chase • Chargaff • Wilkins and Franklin • Watson and Crick

  6. Streptococcus pneumonia Rough Strain Smooth Strain

  7. Griffith’s Experiment: 1928 Conclusion: A Transformation “factor” exists

  8. 1944: Avery;MacLeod;McMarty • Discovered tranforming principle as DNA Oswald Avery

  9. Avery, MacLeod & McCarty IIIS virulent bacteria Heat killed; homogenize and filter Destroy either RNA; protein or DNA Add samples to non-virulent bacteria Only bacteria without IIIS DNA did not transform

  10. Martha Chase dies: With Alfred D. Hershey, she established DNA as the genetic material | By Milly Dawson 1908 — 1997 1930-2003

  11. Hershey and Chase Experiment, 1952: Confirms DNA as genetic material Support for nucleic acid transfer

  12. Conclusion: DNA identified as source of genetic information

  13. At the same time amore detailed chemical Structure of DNA was also ongoing…

  14. Franklin and Wilkins 1947 1916-2004 1920-1958

  15. Chargaff’s Rule 1948 1905-2002 1905-2002 1905-2002 1905-2002

  16. Watson and Crick, 1953 inferred the DNA structure

  17. Nobel Prize: 1962 1928- 1916-2004 1916-2004

  18. Fraenkel-Conrat 1956:RNA also carries genetic information VIRAL RNA

  19. Tobacco Mosaic Virus

  20. The Structure of Genetic Material

  21. The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides.

  22. RNA’s Sugar DNA’s Sugar

  23. Nitrogenous Bases

  24. DNA nucleotides

  25. Polarity and Anti-Parallel

  26. Back to Franklin and Wilkins Data: Pairing of specific classes of bases can account for diameter of DNA 6 sided ring 6 sided ring + 5 sided ring Just right!

  27. Most Common Secondary Structure (3D structure) • B-DNA • Alpha Helix • Right Handed Turn • 10 bases per 360º turn

  28. A function of Major and Minor Grooves

  29. DNA Special structures Modifications ’

  30. Integration of DNA and RNA

  31. Information Transfer Central Dogma

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