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ACIDS, BASES, SALTS

ACIDS, BASES, SALTS. Do they matter?. Properties of Acids. Physical properties Sour taste Conduct electricity Turn blue litmus (and other indicators) red Chemical Properties Made of H+ ion and NonMetal negative ion. React with metals to produce H 2 gas React with bases to form salts.

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ACIDS, BASES, SALTS

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  1. ACIDS, BASES, SALTS Do they matter?

  2. Properties of Acids Physical properties • Sour taste • Conduct electricity • Turn blue litmus (and other indicators) red Chemical Properties • Made of H+ ion and NonMetal negative ion. • React with metals to produce H2 gas • React with bases to form salts

  3. Common Acids Formula Name Uses H2SO4 sulfuric acid battery acid HCl hydrochloric acid stomach acid HNO3 Nitric acid explosive and fertilizer H2CO3 Carbonic acid carbonated water CH3COOH Acetic acid vinegar

  4. Properties of Bases PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Feel slippery • Taste bitter • Conduct electricity • Turn red litmus (other indicators) blue CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • Contain metal ion (+) and –OH- (hydroxide ion) • Do not react with metals • Very strong base can burn organic material (skin etc) • React with acids to form salts

  5. Common Bases Formula Name Uses NaOH sodium hydroxide drain cleaners KOH potassium hydroxide soap making Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide Milk of Magnesia Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide ingredient of cement Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide water purification NH3(aq) ammonia floor and glass cleaner

  6. STRONG OR WEAK? Strong acids and basesionize completely and are excellent conductors of electricity. HCl  H+ + Cl- NaOH  Na+ + OH- Weak acids and basesdo not ionize completely, and are weak conductors of electricity. HF  mostly HF and some H+ + F-NH3OH mostly NH3OH and some NH3+ + OH- View animation: Comparison of strong acid to weak acid

  7. Acid Base Chemistry All substances are either acid,base (aka alkaline), or neutral. The pH scale shows relative strength of acids and bases. All living things are ruled by the principles of acid-base chemistry. neutral

  8. pH Indicators There are many different INDICATORS. Some change color in presence of acids. Others change color in presence of bases. The most effective is universal indicator because it changes color for every level of the pH scale.

  9. Understanding pH scale To understand acid strength, think of money. Assign to pH 7 the value of 1 cent. pH 6 is ten times stronger, so it is worth 10 cents. pH 5 is ten times stronger than that, so it is worth 100 cents (or $1). pH 4 is 10 times stronger than that, so it is worth $10.

  10. Properties of Salts Ionic compounds that are composed of metallic and nonmetallic ions Can be composed of metallic polyatomic ions and nonmetallic polyatomic ions Taste salty Dissociate in water Conduct electricity in water (electrolyte) Found in crystalline form.

  11. Common Salts

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