STD/STI Project

1. STD/STI Project Kyle Wydner Derrick Anton Block: G

2. Table of contents • Chlamydia • Symptoms, What is It?, Treatment. • Syphilis • What is It? • Symptoms First Phase • Symptoms Second Phase • Symptoms Third Phase • Symptoms Fourth Phase • HPV • What is it? • What is it Continued. Leading problems…. • Leading Problems Continued… • Symptoms in Men • Symptoms in Women • Herpes • How to get? How to tell? What are they? • Herpes Symptoms in Men • Herpes Symptoms in Women • Herpes Treatment • Herpes Treatment continued • Pictures • Pubic Lice • What is it? • Symptoms • Treatment • Problems • Gonorrhea • What is it? Treatment? Symptoms • Pictures • NGU • What is it? Types? • How to get it? • Symptoms • Symptoms Continued • Pictures • PID • What is it? • Symptoms • Treatments 1

3. Chlamydia (men symptoms) Discharge from the penis, pain or burning during urination, and tenderness or pain in the testicles. (women symptoms) Discharge from the vagina, burning during urination, and bleeding after sexual relations. Treatment options- doxycycline a pill to be taken twice a day for a week and 95% of people are cured. What are the tests- looking through a microscope at the discharge.

4. Syphilis Bacteria caused by a spirochete. (Treponema Palliduim) Men are more vulnerable to syphilis than women. Is often found from women and men 15-39 years of age.

5. Syphilis Symptoms • Stage 1: Primary Phase • Starts with sore at the site of infection. It then craters into the skin called a chancre. (pronounced shanker) Then the chancre corkscrews into the skin and then into the bloodstream. It usually develops within 3-4 weeks after infection and heals spontaneously after 1 week. Though the sore ay fade away, the disease does not. Here we continue into the second phase.

6. Syphilis Symptoms • Secondary Stage: • The second stage may develop 4-10 weeks after the chancre. This phase has many symptoms, which is why syphilis is called the great pretender. It may look like a number of other diseases. This phase of syphilis can go away without treatment, but the disease then enters the third phase. These are the most frequently reported symptoms of the secondary phase:

7. Syphilis Symptoms • Secondary Phase (Continued) • Fever • Joint pain • Muscle aches • Sore throat • Flulike symptoms • Whole-body rash • Headache • Decreased appetite • Patchy hair loss • Swollen lymph nodes

8. Syphilis Symptoms • Latent (dormant) Phase: • The early latent phase (first 1-2 years) os characterized by occasional relapses back to symptoms of the secondary phase of syphilis. More than 2 years after the start of the latent phase, you may have no symptoms and are generally not infectious. However, you can still transfer the infection form mother to fetus or blood transfusions.

9. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • HPV stands for human papilloma virus. There are more than 100 types of HPV. Some types produce warts — plantar warts on the feet and common hand warts. About 40 types of HPV can infect the genital area — the vulva, vagina, cervix, rectum, anus, penis, or scrotum.  • Genital HPV infections are very common. HPV is so common that about half of all men and more than 3 out of 4 women have HPV at some point in their lives. But most people who have HPV don't know it.

10. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Most HPV infections have no harmful effect at all. • Some types of HPV may cause genital warts. These are called low-risk types of HPV. • Some types of HPV may cause cell changes that sometimes lead to cervical cancer and certain other genital and throat cancers. These are called high-risk types. This page discusses these high-risk types.

11. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Although most HPV infections go away within 8 to 13 months, some will not. HPV infections that do not go away can "hide" in the body for years and not be detected. That's why it is impossible to know exactly when someone got infected, how long they've been infected, or who passed the infection to them. • If you have HPV, you should not be ashamed or afraid. Most people who have had sex have HPV at some point in their lives. And most infections go away on their own.

12. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Symptoms • In men: • One or more growths on the penis, test -icles, groin, thighs, or anus. • Warts may be raised, flat, or cauliflower-shaped. They usually do not hurt. • Warts may appear within weeks or months after sexual contact with an infected person.

13. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Symptoms • In women: • Genital warts will appear: • On the vulva • In or around the vagina or anus • On the cervix.

14. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)Treatment For now, HPV treatment focuses on treating the symptoms of the infection. 

15. Herpes • You can get genital herpes even if your partner shows no signs of the infection. • If you have any symptoms (like a sore on your genitals, especially one that periodically recurs) laboratory tests can help determine if you have genital herpes. • There is no cure for herpes, but treatment is available to reduce symptoms and decrease the risk of transmission to a partner. • Usually painful blisters that open when stressed.

16. Herpes Symptoms • In Men: • Symptoms usually begin with an itching or tingling sensation in the genital location. Following this first warning sign, the infected area may become swollen, eventually producing red bumps on the penis, anus or buttocks. These red bumps will gradually turn to blisters, and then into more painful, open sores. The healing process begins once these open sores begin to scab over. • Other herpes symptoms in men can be burning during urination, swollen lymph nodes in the groin area, constipation, lack of energy, fever and headache. If you begin to feel suffer from any of these symptoms after being sexually active with an unfamiliar partner, you might have contracted the disease.

17. Herpes Symptoms • In Women: • The first genital herpes outbreakis more painful and lasts longer than recurrent genital herpes outbreaks in both men and women. However, women tend to have more severe disease and higher rates of complications during the first genital herpes outbreak. In women, herpes lesions can occur anywhere in the genital area including the vulva, inside the vagina, on the cervix, and urethra. Herpes lesions can also occur in areas other than the genital area such as the buttocks and thighs. These first lesions are infectious for an average of 3 weeks, longer than in men and longer than recurrences in women, because the blisters contain a large number of infectious viral particles.

18. Herpes Treatment • Herpes vaccines are currently being investigated and it is felt that an effective vaccine may be available in 3-5 years. Vaccines will only function to prevent the infection in new patients. Those who already have the simplex virus disease will probably not gain any benefit. Some vaccines have been tried to prevent the HSV occurrence, but so far had no noticible effects. These include the smallpox, Polio and Lupidon C vaccine.

19. Herpes Treatment (cont.) Treatment with antiviral drugs can help people who are bothered by genital herpes outbreaks stay symptom-free longer. These drugs can also reduce the severity and duration of symptoms when they flare up. Drug therapy is not a cure, but it can make living with the condition easier.

20. Herpes Pictures

21. Public Lice • Pubic lice (often called "crabs" because of their crab-like appearance under a microscope) are six-legged creatures that most commonly infest hair in the pubic area, although they also can infest other body hair. In most cases, pubic lice are transmitted sexually from the pubic hair of one person to another. But lice can be contracted in other ways, too — from infested clothing, towels, and bedding.

22. Public Lice Symptoms • In Both: • Itching in the genital area. • Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice

23. Pubic Lice Treatments • A lice-killing lotion containing 1% permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonylbutoxide can be used to treat pubic ("crab") lice. These products are available over-the-counter without a prescription at a local drug store or pharmacy. These medications are safe and effective when used exactly according to the instructions in the package or on the label. • Lindane Shampoo is a prescription medication that can kill lice and lice eggs. However, lindane is not recommended as a first-line therapy. Lindane can be toxic to the brain and other parts of the nervous system; its use should be restricted to patients who have failed treatment with or cannot tolerate other medications that pose less risk. Lindane should not be used to treat premature infants, persons with a seizure disorder, women who are pregnant, or breast, persons who have very irritated skin or sores where the lindane will be applied, infants, children, the elderly, and persons who weigh less than 110 pounds. • Malathion* lotion 0.5% (Ovide*) is a prescription medication that can kill lice and some lice eggs; however, malathion lotion (Ovide*) currently has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of pubic ("crab") lice. • Ivermectin has been used successfully to treat lice; however, ivermectin currently has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of lice.

24. Public Lice Problems If not treated, the lice will multiply.

25. Gonorrhea • A common sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria Gonorrheae. The usual symptoms in men are burning with urination and penile discharge. Women, on the other hand, are asymptomatic half the time or have vaginal discharge and pelvic pain. • In both men and women if gonorrhea is left untreated, it may spread locally causing epididmitis or pelvic inflammatory disease or throughout the body, affecting joints and heart valves. • Treatment is commonly with  ceftriaxone as antibiotic resistance has developed to many previously used medications. • Left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious complications. • Women: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). The risk of infertility increases with each episode of PID. • An abscess in or near the ovaries (tubo-ovarian abscess) • Inflammation of the Bartholin glands • An ectopic (tubal) pregnancy

26. Gonorrhea Pictures

27. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis(NGU) • NGU (Non-Gonococcal Urethritis) is an infection of the urethra caused by pathogens (germs) other than gonorrhea. • Several types of germs cause NGU, the most common and serious is chlamydia. Chlamydia is very common in both males and females. The diagnosis of NGU is more commonly made in males than in females, mainly due to the anatomical differences. Germs that can cause NGU include but are not limited to: • Chlamydia trachomatis (most common) • Ureaplasma urealyticum • Trichomonas vaginalis (rare) • Herpes simplex virus (rare) • Haemophilus vaginalis • Mycoplasma genitalium

28. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis(NGU) • Sexually: Most germs that cause NGU can be passed during sex (vaginal, anal or oral) that involves direct mucous membrane contact with an infected person. • Nonsexual: These causes of NGU may include: urinary tract infections, an inflamed prostate gland due to bacteria (bacterial prostatitis), a narrowing or closing of the tube in the penis (urethral stricture), a tightening of the foreskin so that it cannot be pulled back from the head of the penis (phimosa), the result of a process such as inserting a tube into the penis (catheterization), • Perinatal: During birth, infants may be exposed to the germs causing NGU in passage through the birth canal. This may cause the baby to have infections in the eyes (conjunctivitis), ears, and lungs (pneumonia).

29. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis(NGU) Symptoms In men (urethral infection) symptoms may include the following: Discharge from the penis Burning or pain when urinating Itching, irritation, or tenderness Underwear stain

30. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis(NGU) Symptoms Cont. Symptoms of NGU in women can include: Discharge from the vagina Burning or pain when urinating Abdominal pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding may be an indication that the infection has progressed to Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)

31. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis(NGU) Pictures

32. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a severe infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries. PID typically occurs during the childbearing years, when women are most sexually active. It is the leading preventable cause of infertility in the United States, because PID can damage the tissues in and near the uterus, ovaries, and the fallopian tubes, which carry the eggs from the ovary to the womb. • PID occurs when bacteria, the most common are chlamydia and gonorrhea, move from a female’s cervix or vagina into the internal reproductive organs. PID is not only transmitted sexually, but can be acquired naturally from many pathogens. • Those women at a higher risk include females under 25, females with more sex partners, females who have an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted, and douching too frequently, more than once monthly, increasing chances for PID.

33. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Symptoms • In Men: • pus-like discharge from the penis, often yellowish in color pain or burning with urination In Women: The symptoms of PID are: pain or tenderness in the lower abdomen pain during sexual intercourse bleeding between menstrual per- iodsincreased or changed vaginal discharge nausea and/or vomiting fever and chills 

34. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • PID can be cured with antibiotics. Prompt treatment can prevent damage to reproductive organs. The longer women wait for treatment, the more likely they may have permanent damage to the fallopian tubes or become infertile, because the antibiotic does not reverse any damage already incurred. • Since more than one organism may be responsible, PID is usually treated with at least two antibiotics that are effective against chlamydia, gonorrhea, and a wide range of infectious agents. One fourth of women infected with PID are hospitalized. Hospitalization is recommended for the severely ill, pregnant women, and those who need intravenous antibiotic. • Untreated PID can lead to serious problems including infertility, abscess formation, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and in very rare situations, death.