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Understanding terminologies and relevant theory of forest tenure Tint Lwin Thaung

Understanding terminologies and relevant theory of forest tenure Tint Lwin Thaung Kunming, July 6 2010. Associated Academic Disciplines. ECONOMICS LAW SOCIOLOGY. PROPERTY RIGHTS. A PROPERTY RIGHT IS AUTHORITY TO DECIDE HOW TO USE THE RESOURCES AND WHO OWNS THE RESOURCES

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Understanding terminologies and relevant theory of forest tenure Tint Lwin Thaung

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  1. Understanding terminologies and relevant theory of forest tenure Tint Lwin Thaung Kunming, July 6 2010

  2. Associated Academic Disciplines • ECONOMICS • LAW • SOCIOLOGY

  3. PROPERTY RIGHTS • A PROPERTY RIGHT IS AUTHORITY TO DECIDE HOW TO USE THE RESOURCES AND WHO OWNS THE RESOURCES • 1. THE RIGHT TO USE • 2. THE RIGHT TO EARN INCOME • 3. THE RIGHT TO TRANSFER OR SELL

  4. PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIMES OPEN ACCESS ( Air we breath) COMMON PROPERTY ( Community Forests - can be private as well as community) PUBLIC OR STATE PROPERTY (National Park) INDIVIDUAL OR PRIVATE PROPERTY (

  5. TENURE AND OWNERSHIP “Tenure” itself is a commonly misunderstood term. It is often equated with “ownership”, but this is misleading. Tenure is a generic term that refers to a great variety of arrangements which allocate a variety of rights to, and often set clear limitations on, those who hold the land. The effect of these tenures is to regulate access to and use of resources. Tenure theorists describe tenure as a “bundle of rights”. “Ownership” refers to a particular type of tenure in which strong rights are allocated to the land holder. Tenure arrangements may involve exclusive access (only one person or group has access), or they may involve different types of access for different groups of people at different times.

  6. SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT AND TENURE • Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is widely considered to be a desirable overall policy goal to achieve objectives covering both biophysical and socio-economic attributes.Concept according to which the full range of social, economic and environmental values inherent in forests are managed and sustained. • The common assumption that “secure tenure” provides incentives for people to invest time and resources in forest management. Underlying this is the idea that people will look after forest resources if they can benefit from these resources.

  7. TRIGGERS FOR FOREST TENURE REFORM • Political events (such as Russia, Berlin wall, China and Vietnam, Indonesia) • Overall national policy review in the face of globalisation, and in particular the increasing role of market forces and the associated expansion of the private sector; • Increasing pressure on forests from rapid population growth and for consequent increase in demand for forest products (and often land for non forest uses); • Growing power and influence of new stakeholders such as indigenous people and other marginalized groups. • The role of forests in carbon capture and storage (REDD)

  8. LIVELIHOODS AND POVERTY • Livelihoods – the ways in which people make a living (Fisher etal. 2008, p.5) • Poverty – “can be thought of as a state of reduced or limited livelihood opportunities” (Fisher et al. 2008, p. 5), measured in income terms such as falling below the threshold of USD 2 per day or lack of assets, powerlessness and vulnerability (World Bank, 2001) • Income generation - important aspect of livelihood improvement and poverty reduction

  9. GENDER DIMENSION OF TENURE REFORM • - One of FAO’s targets for 2008-2013 in relation to gender is to: “Promote equitable forest tenure systems through policies and laws that improve access to, and use and management of, forest resources for the benefit of men and women.” (FAO 2010 c)

  10. DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION • “Decentralization can be defined as the relocation of administrative functions away from a central location, and devolution as the relocation of power away from a central location. In this sense, power can be equated with the capacity or authority to contribute to decision-making. While decentralization and devolution may occur at the same time, it is quite possible to decentralize administrative functions without devolving the power to make meaningful decisions.” (Fisher 1999, p. 3)

  11. TAKE HOME NOTES • Property rights • Common property as a relevant property regime to forest tenure • Bundle of rights • Drivers of Forest Tenure reform • Sustainable Forest Management and its objectives (Biophysical, Social, Environmental values of the forests) • Livelihood and poverty • Gender dimension in tenure reform • Decentralization and Devolution • Secured tenure - invest time /resources - improve livelihood options - income generation for target groups - reduce poverty  achieve SFM objectives

  12. CONCEPT FLOW

  13. USEFUL WEBSITES www.recoftc.org www.rightsandresources.org www.cifor.cgiar.org www.forest-trends.org www.worldagroforestrycentre.org

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