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Hawthorn Leaf

Hawthorn Leaf. History. Originated in Europe and North Africa Widespread in North America. “Hawthorn” “haw” = "hedge.” "thorn" + “hedge” = "thorny hedge.” In old England trees were used as a barrier to keep peasants from entering private land.

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Hawthorn Leaf

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  1. Hawthorn Leaf

  2. History • Originated in Europe and North Africa • Widespread in North America. • “Hawthorn” • “haw” = "hedge.” • "thorn" + “hedge” = "thorny hedge.” • In old England trees were used as a barrier to keep peasants from entering private land. • Now it is used by farmers to mark land.

  3. Chinese Culture Hawthorn lead is known in Chinese as “Tang-Ben-Co Dates back to 659 A.D Hawthorn leaf used for heart health, mild laxitive, and aid in stomach ailments.

  4. Natives Americans Used in a variety of ways including treatment of: diarrhea, dysentery, diuretic, and wound healing. Natives chewed the leaves and and put it on open wounds to help heal it.

  5. Modern Day Use/Dosage Scientific studies did not being in the U.S until the 1960’s. German physicians prescribe Hawthorn for tx of diminished heart performance, angina, & recovery from a heart attack. Prescribe hawthorns in many forms such as extracts, dietary supplements, & teas Take 160 mg day in two doses

  6. Celtic Tradition • Hawthorn tree represented a Goddess • & Symbolized fertility and abundance • Inhabited by fairies and spirits. • Flower blossoms were used for decoration • Tied into cloth or ribbon onto the branches to honor spirits

  7. Description • Deciduous shrub or small tree • Height up to 10 meters & 18-20 feet in width. • Found in • moist, open places, forests edges • along shorelines, steam banks, roadsides • coastal bluffs at low to mid elevation. • Can live up to 400 years. • Fruit usually redor orangein color. • Some are black, dark blue, or yellow.

  8. Description • 1,000 different species & hybrids, but the 2 most common: • Crataeguslaevigata • Crataegusmonogyna • Can be used interchangeably • Have similar chemical characteristics

  9. Crataegusmonogyna

  10. Fruit Flower

  11. Leaves

  12. Crataeguslaevigata

  13. Fruit Flower

  14. Leaves

  15. Medical Claims • Hawthorn contains substances that may benefit the heart. • Flavonoids • dilate blood vessels • improve blood flow • protect the blood vessels from damage. • Protect against heart disease • Reduce b.p. & cholesterol.

  16. Research—Heart Failure • In 952 patients after 2 years in those taking 900 mg/day of Hawthorn extract • symptoms improved • Were able to exercise for longer periods • As effective as low doses of certain heart medications (captopril).

  17. Research—Angina • 60 people with chest pain given the following for 3 weeks: 180 mg/day of hawthorn extract Or Placebo The group with the extractexperienced • improved blood flow to the heart • Were able to exercise for longer periods of timew/o having chest pains

  18. Research—High Blood Pressure Study for diabetics with HTN (Took prescribed medications) were given the following medications for 16 weeks: 1,200 mg/day of Hawthorn extract Or Placebo Those taking extract had lower b.p.

  19. Nutrition Facts—flavonoid glycosides • Flavonols • quercitin, hyperoside, kaempferol • Flavones • vitexin, apigenin, luteloin • oligomericprocyanidins • epicatechin, catechin • proanthocyanidins. • cyanogenetic, phenolic, saponin and triterpenoid glycosides, • Various amines • carboxylic acid, • condensed tannins • Phlobaphene • Sugars

  20. Effectiveness • May be safe for mild forms of heart failure • Studies and results are conflicting. • Not recommended for • Children or women who are pregnancy or breastfeeding • Not enough scientific evidence to determine whether hawthorn works for other heart problems.

  21. Drug Interactions • Digoxin • Beta-blockers • Calcium Channel Blockers • Phenylephrine • reduce effectiveness • Medications for male sexual dysfunction • blood pressure dropping too low. • Nitrates • may enhance drug (dizziness or lightheadedness)

  22. Side effects Nausea Dizziness Vertigo Headaches Migraines Heart palpitations.

  23. Hawthorn leaves and its uses have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). • The supplementation is sold in various forms including a pill form, droplets and in leaves as a whole. They are usually sold where herbal supplements are sold as well as on Amazon in the range of about $10 into about the hundreds of dollars.

  24. Storage of Hawthorn leaves should be in a cool closed container away from light or it could deteriorate overtime and lose nutritional value • Studies show that Hawthorn leaves contain antioxidants. • However, even though Hawthorn leaves have shown to reduce blood pressure, it is not yet know by how much and how effective it is in certain doses. Blood pressure in some studies have even shown to increase blood pressure instead of lowering it like expected. In some patients, it may have no effect at all.

  25. In addition to the mentioned side effects, Hawthorn has also shown to cause anxiety in patients. If anxiety occurs, it is recommended to cease usage • It also may improve the production and strength of collagen found in joints. This will prevent the damage caused to joints from inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Hawthorn also has anti-inflammatory effects which may help to counteract the swelling of arthritis.

  26. Conclusion • The coined “heart healer” is known to live up to its name in certain circumstances. But because it affects everyone differently, even though many studies have shown improvement for heart related diseases with use of Hawthorn, it should not be taken with any other medications and physicians should be consulted. No evidence regarding Hawthorn leaves is concrete.

  27. References • University of Maryland Medical Center • http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/hawthorn-000256.htm • Natural History Museum • http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/british-natural-history/urban-tree-survey/identify-trees/tree-factsheets/f-to-j/hawthorn/index.html • Ohio Public Library • http://www.oplin.org/tree/fact%20pages/hawthorne/hawthorne.html • Todd Caldecott • http://www.toddcaldecott.com/index.php/herbs/learning-herbs/360-hawthorn • Northern Rockies Natural History Guide • http://nhguide.dbs.umt.edu/index.php?c=plants&m=desc&id=158

  28. Photo Credits • Crataegusmonogyna von Jacquin 1775 (Family Rosaceae) http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Trees/Trees/Crataegus.monogyna.html • Crataeguslaevigata [oxyacantha] (Poiret 1789) de Candolle 1825 (Family Rosaceae) http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Trees/Trees/Crataegus.laevigata.html

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