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Wilson and Versailles

Wilson and Versailles. Battle of the Somme. British Offensive against the Germans in Northern France On July 1, first day of battle, the British Army suffered 60,000 casualties Battle lasted from July 1- November 18

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Wilson and Versailles

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  1. Wilson and Versailles

  2. Battle of the Somme British Offensive against the Germans in Northern France On July 1, first day of battle, the British Army suffered 60,000 casualties Battle lasted from July 1- November 18 Estimated 1.5 million casualties for a mere 6 miles – how does this compare to America?

  3. Battle of the Somme

  4. Sacrifices in War

  5. German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”, 1918

  6. The War Ends Germany surrenders – cannot go on The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month Ceasefire goes into effect Treaty of Versailles signed later that year

  7. “A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

  8. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

  9. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names”AlbinEggar-Linz, 1914

  10. “Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

  11. “Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

  12. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000-100,000,000 died

  13. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

  14. 16,000,000 Dead

  15. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

  16. Fourteen Points • Wilson develops 14 points- all about war and what should be done • First five deal with what caused the war • #1- no secret alliances • #2- freedom of seas • #3- tariffs should be lowered to foster trade • #4- significant arm reduction • #5- Imperialistic countries should consider what is best for the people in the countries they consider theirs

  17. The League of Nations • The last eight points of his 14 deal with establishing borders for the countries • 14th point was the most important for Wilson • 14th called for an international organization to address diplomatic issues like wars • He thought the Allies would like the peace

  18. League cont. • Allies did not like it, too soft on Germany • Allies wanted a vindictive peace- make them pay • Wilson planned his fourteen points to be the basis of the treaty but, gives it all up for establishment of the League of Nations • Germany forced to pay reparations and acknowledge it alone started the war- this may come back to haunt Europe

  19. Opposition to the League in the US • Groups believed treaty was too harsh- future President Herbert Hoover included • Henry Cabot Lodge believed treaty should include the right to declare war over European affairs • Senate fails to ratify treaty, Wilson is mad

  20. Woodrow Wilson • Born in 1856, strong Presbyterian, intellectual • Went to Princeton despite speculation that he had dyslexia or ADD • Loved to golf

  21. Presidency • Fought for Progressive reforms including child labor laws and anti-trust laws • He reluctantly supported women’s suffrage • Wanted US to remain neutral during war but eventually forced to declare war

  22. His Achilles Heel

  23. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

  24. Turkish Genocide of Armenians (1914 - 1922) Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 1914 1922 Erzerum 215,000 1,500 Van 197,000 500 Kharbert 204,000 35,000 Diarbekir 124,000 3,000 Bitlis 220,000 56,000 Sivas 225,000 16,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000 European Turkey 194,000 163,000 Trapizond District 73,390 15,000 Total 2,133,190 387,800 Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

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