1 / 17

Paludism / Malaria : Two names , an ignored problem

Paludism / Malaria : Two names , an ignored problem. Oral presentation by Matthieu Ravelomanantsoa Yaniss Ouamri. Plan :. Introduction Parasites - Vector - Cycle Epidemiology Diagnosis & Prevention Conclusion. 1) Introduction. Paludism : from latin paludis «  marsh  »

elise
Download Presentation

Paludism / Malaria : Two names , an ignored problem

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Paludism / Malaria : Twonames,an ignoredproblem Oral presentation by Matthieu Ravelomanantsoa YanissOuamri

  2. Plan : Introduction Parasites - Vector - Cycle Epidemiology Diagnosis & Prevention Conclusion

  3. 1) Introduction Paludism : fromlatinpaludis « marsh » Malaria : fromitalianmal'aria « bad air » Infectiousdisease Hemolyticanemia Parasites : Plasmodiums Propagation : Anopheles (mosquitos) punctures World’smost important parasitosis

  4. Paludism & humanity, a long timeintrication : HumanPathogen for 50.000 years Sickle-cellanemia, G6PDH deficiency, thalassemia Toutankhamon DNA’sanalysis : diedof paludism. Hippocrates : describedpaludism’sdifferentfevers. Christopher Colombus : hadpaludismsymptoms. 1880 : Laveran discovers the cause in Algeria : plasmodiums in redbloodcells Nobel Prize in 1907.

  5. 2) Parasites / Cycle / Vector 5 kinds of plasmodiums affect humans : • Zoonosis : • Intermediate host : Man • Final host : anophele • Protozoa parasites : • 1 or 2 µm • Coloration MGG : • Blue cytoplasm • Red nucleus P. Falciparum+++ P. Vivax P. Ovale P. Malariae P. Knowlesi (simianorigin)

  6. One vector : Anopheles Latin : anôphelês « useless » Pools somespecies of mosquitos Final host of plasmodiums Bite only by night Only the females do bite : hematophagusspecie. Attracted by : CO2, lacticacid, sebum, heat, perspiration. Paludism’sprevalence : directlyrelated to its distribution.

  7. Anophele’s cycle : sexual Bite  Gametocytes♂+♀ fromhuman’sblood : fecundation  oocyste in anophele’sstomach. Each oocyste containsmanySporozoa Final location :Salivary glands. Next bite : transmission of sporozoa.

  8. Man’s cycle : asexual Cycle’sdurationdependson the plasmodium specie and isrelatated To the kind of fever (24h : quotidian, 48h : tertian , 72h : quartan) Bite  sporozoa in man’s blood  hepatocytes Hepatocytesburst : Merozoa release  2 future locations : Redcells : - for all plasmodium species - responsible for redcellsburst  Anemia Liver : - Only for P. Vivax / Ovale / Malariae -  Hypnozoa : quiescent parasites - Responsible for relapses of the disease.

  9. 3) Epidemiology Related to anophele’s distribution Alarmingstatistics, eachyear : 2 Billions : exposedpersons 100 Millions : personswithcinicalsigns of paludism 1 to 3 Millions : deathfrompaludism most of the death : childrenunder 5 yearsold. Each 30 seconds : 1 death.

  10. WHO : Divides world map in 4 categories Group 0 : No paludismGroup 2 : Paludism and resistance to treatment Group 1 : Paludism but no resistanceGroup 3 : Paludisme, and Multi-resistance

  11. Group O cases : Imported cases aftervisitingrisky countries Cases afterblood-transfusion Airportpaludismphenomenon

  12. 4) Diagnosis/Prevention • Symptoms : • Asthenia • Anorexia • Giddinesses • Cephalgias • Digestive disorders: • nauseas, vomiting, abdominal pain • Diarrhoea • Myalgias. • Signs : • Periodic Fever • Anemia • Thrombopenia • Intermittent tremors • Hemoglobinuria Icterus • Convulsions • Splenomegaly • Hepatomegaly

  13. Paludism is a medical emergency : Results of exams : 2 hours. Smear fromblood MGG Thick-Smear fromblood  MGG DetectingcirculatingAntigenes Aftertreatment : control.  research of hematozoa.

  14. Treatment : No vaccine available ACT(Artemisinin-basedcombinationtherapy)  The only one to bereally efficient. Problems : Veryexpensive False drugs

  15. Prevention : Prophylaxis Fightagainstanophele’sdevelopement ChemicalRepellents Mosquito nets For occidental tourists : Chloroquine Depending on the destination Treatmentbefore contamination France : bad observance  7000 Paludism cases a year.

  16. 4) Conclusion Mechanism and physiopathology are perfectlyknown Treatmentavailable Still a massive killer in the third world country

More Related