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Chapter 17 . J. Mo. EQ : What were the causes of World War I and how did Georgia contribute to the war ?. Causes of World War I. Intense nationalism- a deep loyalty and devotion to one’s own ethnic group/nationality, swept Europe. Causes of World War I.
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Chapter 17 J. Mo
EQ : What were the causes of World War I and how did Georgia contribute to the war ?
Causes of World War I • Intense nationalism- a deep loyalty and devotion to one’s own ethnic group/nationality, swept Europe
Causes of World War I Economic rivalry and colonialism (acquiring colonies for the economic benefit of the mother country) led to European clashes throughout the world, particularly in the continent of Africa
Causes of World War I • Military Alliances – were formed to maintain a balance of power – dividing Europe into armed camps • The Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire(modern-day Turkey • The Allies (or Triple Entente): Great Britain, France, and Russia (with Belgium, Serbia, and others as minor partners) (later Italy)
The Spark that started World War I • On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Archduchess Sophie were assassinated by a young Serbian nationalist while touring their empire • Austria-Hungary held the Slavic nation of Serbia responsible and within a matter of hours, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • Germany came to the aid of Austria-Hungary against Serbia Russia considered itself the “father” and “protector” of all Slavic peoples. In response, Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary.
World War I (1914-1918) • World War I was the greatest war ever fought in human history up to that point • Was often called “the war to end all wars” • Eventually grew into a global war involving 32 countries • The U.S. was able to stay out of the war and maintain a policy of neutrality until 1917
America Enters World War I • U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was elected by promising to keep America out of World War I • By 1917, German actions against the U.S. caused Wilson to change his mind
Three German Actions Cause the United States to Enter the War • The Zimmermann Telegram • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • The Sinking of the Lusitania
(1st) German Action Against the U.S. The Zimmerman Telegram A secret telegram sent by Arthur Zimmermann, a German officer, to Mexico suggesting that if Mexico would go to war against the US, Mexico would get back land ceded to the US in1847
The Zimmerman Telegram: In early 1917, British cryptographers were surprised when a encoded German transmission came across their desks. These experts were able to decipher the message, and in doing so changed history more than any other cryptographer, past or present. The Zimmerman telegram was a secret communication from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to the German Minister to Mexico, von Eckhardt. It contained an offer of US territory for Mexico, if it joined the German cause in WWI. Until that point, the United States had tried to remain neutral in World War I. However, the British and other allies were begging and pleading for help. Attitudes in the US were shifting towards war, and the telegram acted as a catalyst. The British capitalized on that attitude, and in a politically smart move, they showed the United States the telegram on February 24, 1917. The United States published the telegram, making the public aware of it on March 1. The public opinion quickly became a definite pro-war. Congress officially declared war against Germany and its allies on April 6, 1917.
(2nd) German Action Against the U.S. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare March 1917 - Several American cargo ships in the Atlantic Ocean were sunk by German submarines. Wilson then asked Congress for a declaration of War on Germany Germany enacted a policy that stated that any ship, even ships from neutral countries, found in the waters of hostile nations would be attacked
(3rd) German Action Against the U.S. The Sinking of the Lusitania • One of the ships that was sunk by the Germans was the Lusitania traveling from New York to England • Several hundred civilians were killed • 128 Americans were killed The ship sank in 18 minutes, with a lost of 1,195 of the 1,959 on board, including 128 Americans!!! Captain Turner was washed clear of the bridge as the ship sank, and survived after spending more than three hours in the water.
The United States Enters World War I • 1917 the United States enters WWI • US enters the war as an ally of France and Britain
Georgia’s Contributions to WWI • Close to 100,000 Georgians served in the Armed Forces • Commercial canning plants to process canned peaches and sweet potatoes were opened –boosting Georgia farmers and industry • Meat packing plants were opened in Moultie, Atlanta, Augusta, and Savannah
Georgia’s Contributions • In 1917, a camp was opened in Ft. Oglethorpe to hold German prisoners of war • General Hospital #6 at Ft. McPherson treated over 10,000 wounded soldiers from 1917-1919
Fort Oglethorpe Camp Gordon Fort McPherson Camp Hancock Fort Benning
Georgia Farm Boys Go To The “Big City”What Did They Encounter In The “Big City” ? • Cars • Electric Lights • Trolley Cars • High Rise Buildings • Paved Roads in Rural Areas • Indoor bathrooms • Hot Running water
Georgia Prospers in WWI • Women stepped in to fill the jobs of men who went away to War. • Agricultural production increased to feed American soldiers. • Farmers were growing wheat, corn, potatoes, peanuts, and other food crops. • Increase demand for cotton for soldier uniforms. • Georgia farmers were prospering again!
The Treaty of Versailles • Name of the treaty that ended WWI • Signed in November 11, 1918 at 11:00 11/11/18 at 11:00 • Veterans’ Day
U.S. War Prison #2 at Fort Oglethorpe, GA, which housed German Prisoners of War from 1917 - 1920.
