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laminar and turbulent flow

laminar and turbulent flow. Distribution of blood circulation. Total volume of blood in all vessels (intravascular volume): man : 5.4 l (77 ml / kg) woman : 4.5 l (65 ml / kg) Distribution: Heart 7% Pulmonary circulation 9% Systemic circulation 84% from that veins 75%

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laminar and turbulent flow

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  1. laminar and turbulent flow

  2. Distribution of blood circulation • Total volume of blood in all vessels (intravascular volume): • man: 5.4 l (77 ml / kg) • woman: 4.5 l (65 ml / kg) • Distribution: • Heart 7% • Pulmonary circulation 9% • Systemic circulation 84% • from that veins 75% • large arteries 15% • small arteries 3% • capilaries: 7%

  3. Pressure – flow – velocity – diameter - resistance Vessels branching TPR = 8..l/r4. if vessel of diameter 2 mm branches into two vessels than not to increase periferal resistance the diameter of each has to equals 1.68 mm (NOT for arterioles = resistance) Blood flow – depends on diameter power to 4, ie increase in diameter of 19% increases blood flow two times

  4. cardiac cycleWiggers diagram • atrial contraction, complete ventricular fillling, fourth sound due to turbulence • ventr contraction, first sound due to valve closure, no ejection - isovolumetric • rapid ejection • depolarization – reduced ejection • second sound due to closure of aortic vlaves – isoV relaxation • rapid ventricular filling, third sound due to turbulence • reduced ventricular filling

  5. Venous system pressure -10 Sinus sagittalis 0 0 6 0 8 11 22 35 40 90

  6. Pressures and volumes • Pulse (systolic) volume(PV)= 70 ml • Final diastolic volume(FDV)= 120 ml • Final systolic volume = 50 ml = functional reserve of heart • Normal systole ejects around 60%of FDV = Ejection fraction = PV/FDV. • Heart distribution = PV x frequency

  7. Venous and arterial pulse • a: regurgitation from atria • c: bulge of tricuspidalis • v: pressure increase in atria before tricuspidal opening jugular venous pulse carotic pulse • dicrotic incision: vibration closing of mitral valve

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