Prepare yourself to prove your understanding of Solstices, Equinoxes, and Four Spheres

1. Prepare yourself to prove your understanding of Solstices, Equinoxes, and Four Spheres (if you weren’t here yesterday, you won’t be held responsible for the Four Spheres).

2. Label Pages 18 and 19 in your ISNs, “Factors Affecting Climate” Understand the difference between weather and climate. Understand how LACEMOPS affect climate

3. What’s the difference? Weather: the daily condition of the atmosphere which includes temperature and precipitation. (think: weather or not to wear a coat today). Climate: average weather over an extended period of time. Precipitation: Moisture that falls from the sky (rain, snow, sleet, hail)

4. Factors Affecting CLimate Latitude Air Masses Continentality Elevation Mountain Barriers Ocean Currents Pressure and Prevailing Winds Storms

5. LACEMOPS: Latitude The most important factor. Low latitude: high temperature. Middle latitude: temperate High latitude: low temperature

6. LACEMOPS: Air Masses • Cold air from the polar regions, warm air from the tropics. • Air takes on the characteristics of the land or water it passes over.

7. LACEMOPS: Continentality • Water moderates climate. • Water takes longer to cool/heat than land. • Farther inland = winter & summer extremes.

8. LACEMOPS: Elevation • The higher the elevation, the colder and drier the air. • Think: peaks of mountains have snow.

9. LACEMOPS: Warm Up Each member of your table pick one of the four factors affecting climate you’ve learned so far (LACE) On your whiteboard, write a small paragraph explaining that factor as if your audience was a third grader. Use pictures if you want. You might be picked to share your answer with the class.

10. LACEMOPS: Mountain Barriers • Mountains stop storms & air masses • Orographic effect: • Windward side gets precipitation. • Leeward side is dry. • Dry side is called a “rain shadow.”

11. Orographic Effect VERY cold air Windward side Leeward side warm / dry air Rain Shadow cool / wet air mountain cool / wet air desert o c e a n

12. LACEMOPS: Ocean Currents • Move heat back and forth between the tropics and the polar regions.

14. LACEMOPS: Pressure & Prevailing Winds • High pressure comes from heavy, cold air; low pressure from warm, light air • HILO • Prevailing winds: • Trade winds (EW) • Westerlies (WE) • Doldrums (calm areas around equator)

16. LACEMOPS: Storms • Where cold & hot air masses collide, there are storms. • Where Westerlies meet polar winds, there are storms. • N. Hemi: counter-clockwise • S. Hemi: clockwise

18. LACEMOPS: Storms • Types of storms: • Tornadoes: form quickly; relatively small diameter; usually in middle latitudes • Hurricanes: ocean storms that cover large areas and take days to form • Typhoon: hurricanes in the western Pacific Ocean

20. Warm Up: Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Title Pages 24 and 25 in your ISN: Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming. Use p. 41 of your book to define “greenhouse effect” and “global warming” Write your group’s Climate Regions (from yesterday) on the board. Copy those of other groups, finishing your CR Chart.

21. Greenhouse effect:

22. Greenhouse Effect: • Caused by greenhouse gases: • Water Vapor (up to 79%) • Carbon Dioxide (up to 26%) • Methane (up to 9%) • Ozone (up to 7%) • Burning fossil fuels causes more CO2 in the air. • Evidence from ice core samples shows a distinct increase in greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere since the mid 20th century.

23. Case Study: The Poles Read pages 58-59 in your textbook. Also look at the satellite images on p. 77 and the atlas p. 31. Make a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the North Pole and Antarctica (top of 25 in your ISN, below warm up). Answer the questions on the board thoroughly and in complete sentences (page 25 in your ISN).