BOA Water

1. BOA Water

2. Outline • Metering and billing • Showers, toilets, faucets and other fixtures • Domestic hot water systems • Irrigation and sprinklers • Landscaping alternatives

3. Piner Olivet Lifestyle Program • Lifestyle Campaigns • students and teachers • custodian support • Examples • Computers off • Lights off • Waste less

4. Piner Olivet Technical Program • Student technical audits • Building Operator Training • Technical audits • Energy monitoring and savings reports • Building retrofits

5. Importance of custodian • Focus of Piner Olivet program in schools • Interface between district, teachers and students • Source of technical information • Provides continuity • Knows schools better than anyone • Can produce large savings • Key to Piner Olivet program success

6. Piner Olivet district update • Lifestyle Program news • Recent events • Upcoming events • Technical Program news

7. Piner Olivet in your school • Success stories • Areas to improve

8. Benefits of water conservation • Reduced water and energy use • Higher quality equipment • Less maintenance • Less likely to run out of hot water

9. Benefits of water conservation • Less chance of losing water pressure • Extended equipment life • Utility rate increases avoided • Positive impact on climate change issues

10. Water metering • Measured in m3 (cubic metres) or imperial gallons (IGAL) • 1 m3 = 1,000 litres • 1 m3 = 220 IGAL • 1 m3 of water has a mass of 1,000 kg • 1 m3 is 1 m long x 1 m wide x 1 m high

11. W A T E R 1 m3 of water 1 m 1 m 1 m

12. Water billing • Combined charges: $1.00 to $1.80 per m3 • Sewage treatment fees: 50% to 80% of water charge • Irrigation systems may have separate meters

13. Calculating Water Costs • 4 parts to water bill • flat fee for water service • fee based on volume of water used • flat fee for sewer service • sewer fee based on volume of water used

14. Flat Fee for Water Service • based on diameter of water pipe into building • sample bill: 5/8” or 3/4” pipe: $15.00 1”: $20.00 1.5”: $30.00 2”: $40.00 3”: $70.00 4”: $100.00 6”: $150.00

15. Fee Based on Volume of Water Used • sample bill First 80,000 gallons: $1.65 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $1.80 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $1.97 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $2.12 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $2.39 per 1000 gallons Above 400,000 gallons: $2.66 per 1000 gallons

16. Flat Fee for Sewer Service • based on diameter of sewer pipe leaving building • sample bill 4” sewer pipe: $20.00 6”: $70.00 8”: $100.00

17. Sewage Fee Based on Volume of Water Used • sample bill First 80,000 gallons: $1.58 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $1.73 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $1.88 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $2.04 per 1000 gallons Next 80,000 gallons: $2.29 per 1000 gallons Above 400,000 gallons: $2.54 per 1000 gallons

18. Water and sewage fees • May be either ascending or descending • Ascending: costs increase as water use increases • Encourages water conservation • Fairly rare • Descending: costs decrease as water use increases

19. Typical water use • Garden hose (one hour): 1,100 L • Shower (ten minutes): 160 L • Toilet (per flush): 16 to 23 L • School water use • 10 to 15 m3 per student per year

20. Leaking fixtures • Leaking toilet • 400 L per day ($200/year) • Dripping faucet • 5,000 L per year • Hot water leaks add to heating costs

21. Leaking fixtures • Use food dyes to check for leaks in tank type toilets • Inspect all fixtures regularly for leaks

22. Showers • Old style showerhead • 14 to 23 L/minute • Low flow • 9 L/minute • Effective shower with less water

23. Showers • Efficient showerhead design • Narrower spray cone • Even spray pattern • Less tendency to plug • Self-cleaning

24. W A T E R Showers Low-flow showerhead

25. Showers • Automatic shut-off devices • Spring-type • Infrared • Timers • Adjusted and functioning correctly? • 90 seconds for gang-type showers

26. Toilets: flush-valve • Require regular adjustment • Four-second flush • Adjust volume and pressure • Save water • Reduce flooding • Fewer complaints

27. W A T E R Toilets Flush-valve toilet

28. Toilets: tank-type • Old style 16-20 L / flush toilets • Experiment with displacement devices • Toilet dams • Flapper valve early shut-off • Plastic bottle filled with sand • Save 30% on water use • Replace with water-conserving type

29. W A T E R Toilets Example of a toilet dam

30. Urinals • Water savings controls: • Timers and solenoid valves • Light-switch interlocks • Infrared sensors • Water shut-off during vacant periods • Appropriate flushing schedule

31. Urinals • Routine checks • Flushing duration 4 seconds • Leaks and efficient controls operation • Require regular adjustment and maintenance • Water volume

32. W A T E R Urinals Flush-valve urinals

33. Faucets • Spring-return and timed devices save water • Routine checks: • Taps not shutting off • 5 second on-time • Replace worn springs and parts • Fix leaks

34. Faucet aerators • Save 25% of water when rinsing hands or dishes • Flow reduced from 12 to 4 L/minute • Reduces splashing; less cleaning required

35. W A T E R Sinks A sink without faucet aerators

36. Hand wash system • Spray system for five or more users • Not efficient for < 5 people: use a faucet instead • Can the flow rate be reduced?

37. Domestic hot water • High energy use • Set to 60°C or lower: • Natural gas savings • Less chance of burns • Less cold water used for mixing • Is hot water necessary for student hand-washing? • Dishwashers may require hotter water

38. Domestic hot water • Are the pipes insulated? • Shut off recirculation pumps during vacant periods: • Summer • Other (if no danger of freeze-up)

39. W A T E R Domestic hot water Domestic hot water system

40. Domestic hot water • Hot water system may be oversized • Designed to supply showers • Too many hot water heaters • Unnecessary storage tanks

41. Electric water heating • 5 times more expensive than natural gas • Avoid peak demand periods • Disconnect some heater elements • Reduce voltage • Consider natural gas conversion

42. Water-cooled equipment • Costly to run • Routine checks: • Water shut off when equipment is off • Water flow rate • Leaks • Consider converting to air-cooled system

43. Efficient irrigation • Lawns: 2 to 3 cm per week • If grass if green, no watering needed • Adjust timers for efficient water use • Water in early morning or evening • Reduces evaporation • Minimizes sunburn on grass and plants

44. Sprinklers • Sprinkler heads • Inspect regularly • Replace damaged heads • Clean regularly • Inspect piping for leaks • Correct number of sprinklers • Spray system clear of obstacles

45. Lawn maintenance • Keep grass trimmed at 6 cm • De-thatch and aerate every two years: • Reduces run-off and evaporation • Increases aeration and water infiltration • Leads to healthier turf

46. Lawn maintenance • Improve drought Piner Olivetstance by: • Decreasing nitrogen • Increasing potassium • Time-release fertilizer • Avoid over-fertilizing

47. Landscaping alternatives • Plants suited to local conditions • Drought-Piner Olivetstant perennials • Native ground covers • “Xeriscaping”: possible student project

48. W A T E R Landscaping alternatives Iris Germanica, a very Piner Olivetlient and drought-tolerant plant

49. W A T E R Landscaping alternatives Snow in Summer (Cerastium tomentosum) thrives in poor rocky soil

50. W A T E R Landscaping alternatives Tiger Lily (Lilium lancifolium) is drought- and insect-Piner Olivetstant