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SERVICE STRATEGY, SYSTEMS, AND INNOVATION IN SUPPORT OF UK MILITARY LAND FORCES. Rich Morales, PhD Candidate Centre for Strategy and Performance, Cambridge University. BACKGROUND New PhD Student. Began PhD 1 October 2009 (6 months) Funded by US military for 3 years.
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SERVICE STRATEGY, SYSTEMS, AND INNOVATION IN SUPPORT OF UK MILITARY LAND FORCES Rich Morales, PhD Candidate Centre for Strategy and Performance, Cambridge University
BACKGROUND New PhD Student. Began PhD 1 October 2009 (6 months) Funded by US military for 3 years. Army officer. Recently commanded 800 soldier Task Force in Iraq Access to BAE Systems and Ministry of Defence organizations RESEARCH CONTEXT • Service Economy, shifts in manufacturing, economic market and policy drivers • Public Private Partnerships and joint ventures • Technology infusion, consolidation, and outsourcing trends in military logistics • Varied service missions/cultures: air, sea, land forces (one size does not fit all) POTENTIAL RESEARCH QUESTION • How do firms design and manage service support to military land forces? POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION • Insight into Co-creation: merging different cultures and objectives (profit v. public) organizational structures, processes, service leadership and strategy GOAL Better understand service strategy formulation, the complexities of service systems, and examine a specialized case of industry support to the private sector.
THEORY • What is Service? • Definition(s) • Frameworks • What is a Service Strategy? • Corporate (market based - external) • Business Unit (resource-based - internal) Literature Review • What structure and management systems best support service delivery? • Organizational Design and Systems Thinking • Service Specific Processes and Product Service Systems • Performance Management • PRACTICE • Application of theory to new area of practice • Build on military air and sea service research • Describe unique aspects of land support What specific strategies, organizational design, and management systems are most effective to provide support to land based platforms? How are service based strategies formulated ? How does performance measurement differ in product-service based firms? gap
“application of competencies, knowledge, and skills through deeds, processes, and performances for the benefit of another entity or the entity itself” • Vargo and Lusch, 2004 • Value is determined by the beneficiary • Service is provided through a complex combinations of goods, money, and institutions • Service is inherently customer oriented / Importance of value-in use and co-creation • “time-perishable, intangible experience performed for a customer acting in the role of co-producer.” Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2004 • The customer is a participant in the service process • Service is labor intensive / Output is difficult to measure • Service is time perishable • Servitization: “the integration of packages of products, services, support, self service and insight which add value to a firm’s business” Vandermerwe and Rada, 1998 • Characteristics of service which reoccur most commonly in the literature: • intangibility, 2) simultaneity, 3) inseparability, 4) perishability, and 5) heterogeneity
"All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved". Sun Tzu (500 BC) Competitive Strategy (Market Forces) Porter: New Entrants, Suppliers, Customers, Competitors, Substitutes Resource Based View Strategy (Internal Forces) Competencies: Industry specific know-how Balanced Scorecard Organizational Transformation Agency Theory Business Process Reengineering Seven 7s: Strategy, Skills, Shared Values, Staff, Systems, Style, Structure (Peters and Waterman) Strategy Formulation and Implementation Analysis (Environment, Resources, Gap), Alternatives, Evaluation, Strategic Choice
Tasks required to carry out transformation to service: • design of a service system organization, • production of a delivery system, • the means by which to evaluate service system’s overall effectiveness and responsiveness • “new capabilities, metrics, incentives, and an emphasis on changing business models from transactions to relationships ” (Olivia and Kallenborg, 2003) Product Service Systems
Exploratory Case Study BAE Air Supporting Case Studies ? IBM, Rolls Royce, NASA, E-ADS In Depth Case Study BAE Land and Armaments Action or Process Research ? FOCUS Product-Service System design and management Unique civil-military organizational structure • MACRO VIEW • Why partnered industry-MOD ventures? • Are partnered approaches more effective than MOD internal support? • Do partnered approaches provide better long term value to MOD? • What are the risks to the firm? MOD? • MICRO VIEW • How do firms develop service strategies and gauge their success? • What unique performance measurement systems are required? • How is an integrated partnered work force managed? METHODOLOGY Current Industry Practice Partner Needs Theory