The Other Energy Crisis: Fuel Wood and the Need for Sustainable Alternatives

1. Energy Resources

2. Energy Many of us would answer…. What is Energy ? electricity or gasoline or maybe nuclear power

3. Energy For many people in LDCs What is Energy ? fuel wood energy is…

4. Energy • In LDCs used for cooking and heating fuel wood

5. Energy • The “other” energy crisis fuel wood • A major problem in LDCs

6. The “other” energy crisis • As population grows fuel wood the need for fuel wood energy grows

7. trees shrubs & bushes The “other” energy crisis grasses fuel wood crop residues dried dung

8. The demand for fuel wood is resulting in trees shrubs & bushes soil erosion, grasses soil nutrient depletion, and crop residues landdegradation dried dung

9. Energy • The “other” energy crisis fuel wood • A major problem in LDCs

10. Energy In MDCs, abundant energy is vital to society Modern industrial culture is energy intensive

11. Energy & Culture • Increasingly powerful energy sources Human cultural evolution has been accompanied by • Increased per capita energy utilization

12. Energy & Culture • human muscle power & fire Agricultural society Hunter-gatherer society • domesticated draft animals • wind & water power

13. Energy & Culture • coal energy – fossil fuel Early industrial society • steam engines

14. Energy & Culture • oil & natural gas energy – fossil fuels • internal combustion engines Modern industrial society • electrical energy • nuclear energy

15. Primary Energy Source U.S. Energy Sources Pre - 1850 Fuel Wood Time Period From 1850 to 1900 the use of fire wood decreased as the use of coal increased

16. Primary Energy Source U.S. Energy Sources 1900 - 1950 Coal Time Period The use of oil grew during the first half of the 20th century

17. Primary Energy Source U.S. Energy Sources 1950 - present Oil Time Period During the second half of the 20th century, oil use surpassed coal use

18. U.S. Energy Use The United States has about 6% of world population but we use about one-third of the world’s energy

19. U.S. Energy Use but much of our energy is used wastefully High energy use does contribute to a high standard of living The U.S. is an energy GLUTTON

20. U.S. Energy Use but reduce our energy use through We can maintain our standard of living efficiency & conservation

21. Doing the same work, but using less energy Energy efficiency & conservation Our best energy “source”

22. Energy efficiency & conservation Reduces pollution Reduces use of fossil fuels Reduces release of greenhouse gases

23. Energy efficiency & conservation Reduces need for new energy plants Prolongs supplies of fossil fuels Allows more time for development of alternative energies

24. Energy efficiency & conservation Saves money Improves our balance of trade Reduces reliance on imported oil

25. U. S. Reliance On Imported Oil OPEC rganization of Reduced availability of crude oil 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo etroleum xporting ountries

26. U. S. Reliance On Imported Oil 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo Sharp increase in crude oil prices Prices for gasoline, diesel, and home heating oil sharply increased

27. 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo Rapid increase in overall cost of living Rapid increases in costs of consumer products Period of double-digit inflation

28. 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo Long lines at gasoline stations Gasoline shortages Growing popularity of smaller, fuel-efficient autos

29. 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo National concern for energy conservation and energy independence President Carter called the energy crisis “the moral equivalent of war”

30. 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo The Carter administration increased federal support for alternative energy research and development

31. U. S. Reliance On Imported Oil Unfortunately, federal support for alternative energy research and development declined after the Carter administration The U.S. is now more dependent on imported oil than it was in 1973

32. Energy Coal Use of Fossil Fuels Natural Gas Petroleum

33. Energy Currently, our largest energy source Use of Fossil Fuels Large-scale use for only about 200 years

34. Energy Large-scale use will decline in the future Use of Fossil Fuels • Decreasing supplies

35. Energy Large-scale use will decline in the future Use of Fossil Fuels • Increasing costs

36. Energy Large-scale use will decline in the future Use of Fossil Fuels • Adverse environmental impacts

37. Use of Fossil Fuels “From the perspective of a 10,000 year time span, human utilization of fossil fuels will seem like a brief, toxic fire aboard a spaceship”

38. Use of Fossil Fuels - 5000 years + 5000 years Present Time

39. Use of Fossil Fuels “From the perspective of a 10,000 year time span, human utilization of fossil fuels will seem like a brief, toxic fire aboard a spaceship”

40. Use of Fossil Fuels Nonrenewable – no more of the resource can be obtained within a useful time frame Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource

41. Use of Fossil Fuels Geologic formation occurred over millions of years Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource

42. Use of Fossil Fuels Nonrenewable, finite supply Reliance on fossil fuels is non-sustainable Exhaustion of supply will deprive future generations

43. Use of Fossil Fuels Exhaustion of supply will deprive future generations Reliance on fossil fuels is non-sustainable • Energy resource • Synthetic base • Lubricants

44. Use of Fossil Fuels Pollution from use may affect future generations Reliance on fossil fuels is non-sustainable • Global Climate Change • Acid Precipitation • Chemical Pollution

45. Use of Fossil Fuels To work toward a sustainable society, we must make the transition to renewable energy sources Reliance on fossil fuels is non-sustainable

46. Use of Fossil Fuels The U.S. is heavily dependent on fossil fuels United States Energy Sources Approximately 85% of U.S. energy

47. Use of Fossil Fuels Petroleum or oil is the largest single source of U.S. energy United States Energy Sources Approximately 40% of U.S. energy

48. Use of Fossil Fuels Natural Gas - Approximately 25% of U.S. energy United States Energy Sources Coal - Approximately 20% of U.S. energy

49. Use of Fossil Fuels Approximately 15% of U.S. energy comes from all other sources United States Energy Sources • nuclear • hydro • solar • wind • geothermal • other

50. Use of Fossil Fuels Oil 40% Coal 20% United States Energy Sources Natural Gas 25% Non Fossil Fuel 15%