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Understanding Color Space and Signal Formats in DTV Systems

This technical document covers fundamental functions of DTV systems, color spaces, analog and digital input signals, frame rate conversion, image/video enhancement, and more. It delves into YUV and YPbPr color spaces for different video signals, signal levels, bandwidth considerations, and the evolution of video signals from analog to digital formats. The significance of various waveforms, color bars, and signal types in NTSC and PAL systems is thoroughly explained, along with the need for Y/C signals and their benefits. Additionally, it explores different display controls and data formats for resolutions like 1080p, 1080i, 720p, and 480p in HDTV systems.

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Understanding Color Space and Signal Formats in DTV Systems

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  1. ATO DTV System Technical Documentation ATO HW Team July, 2003

  2. Topic of Technical Data • Fundamental functions of DTV System • Color space • Analog Input Signal • Digital data format • Input Input Capture Control • Frame Rate Conversion • Image/Video enhancement • Scalar • De-interlace • OSD • PIP POP • Output Display control

  3. Color Space

  4. Color space for Color Difference Video Signal • Color difference analog Video are YUV and YPbPr • The common formula show as below:

  5. Signal and Color Space • Analog Signal • TV (CVBS), Composite signal (YUV color space) • AV, Composite (YUV color space) • S-video, Y/C signal (YUV color space) • Component, Y/R-Y/B-Y (YUV color • Digital • 480i– SDTV (YUV) • 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p---HDTV (Y709CbCr(YPbPr) color space)

  6. YUV Color Space 1.YUV color space is used NTSC, PAL, SECAM composite color video system. 2.Y: Luma information, UV: Color information.

  7. YPbPr Color Space (for HDTV)

  8. Input Signal Type • RGB • DVI • CVBS • YC • Component • SDTV • HDTV

  9. Video Signal Evolution

  10. RGB • Input Signal level: 1.4Vp-p/2.0Vp-p • Signal level Before ADC: 0.7Vp-p/1.0Vp-p • Impedance is 75 Ohm • Terminator Resister is 75 Ohm • Sync level is 300mV • Sync type: • Composite Sync • Separate Sync

  11. DVI • Digital Data • Signal type: Differential signal • Signal level: • Low noise signal • Long distance transmission • Differential impedance: 50 Ohm • Single ending impedance: 100 Ohm

  12. CVBS - NTSC • Resolution: • 525 lins, 60 fields per second • Bandwidth • Y bandwidth:0 ~ 4.2 MHz • U or V bandwidth: 1.3MHz • Color carrier freq (Fsc): depend on different NTSC • Audio carrier freq: 4.5MHz • Channel Bandwidth : 6 MHz • Video decoder sampling clock > 6MHz * 2 (using 13.5MHz) • Color space, YUV • NTSC = Y+C = Y +( Usinωt + Vcosωt) + Sync, ω = 2πFsc • Fh, Fv and Fsc

  13. CVBS- NTSC Bandwidth

  14. CVBS- NTSC Bandwidth

  15. CVBS - NTSC

  16. CVBS-NTSC Waveform

  17. CVBS-NTSC Color Bars

  18. Analog Video-CVBS waveform

  19. CVBS- NTSC Variations

  20. CVBS-PAL Signal • Resolution: • 625 lins, 50 fields per second • Bandwidth • Y bandwidth: depend on different PAL • U or V bandwidth: 1.3MHz • Color carrier freq (Fsc): depend on different PAL • Audio carrier freq: depend on different PAL • Channel Bandwidth : depend on different PAL • Color space, YUV • NTSC = Y+C = Y +( Usinωt + Vcosωt) + Sync, ω = 2πFsc • Fsc

  21. CVBS- PAL Waveform

  22. CVBS – PAL Color Bar

  23. CVBS- PAL Color Bar

  24. CVBS- PAL AV IF Freq

  25. CVBS – PAL Variations

  26. YC Signal-NTSC/PAL • . Why need Y/C signal ? Separate Y and C signal to reduce chroma information on luma And luma information on chroma

  27. S-Video Y/C Waveform

  28. S-Video Connector

  29. Signal for SDTV • Resolution: 480i(720 x 480) • Sync Level: Two-level • Color space: YUV

  30. SDTV- Y Waveform

  31. SDTV- Color Waveform

  32. YCbCr- Waveform

  33. YPbPr Signal for HDTV • Signal process different between DTV and NTSC • NTSC, Composite -> YC separate -> R601 or R656 (4:2:2) • DTV, YPbPr -> 8:8:8 • HDTV signal type: • Analog RGB • Analog YPbPr • Digital 4:4:4, 4:2:2 • DVI 8:8:8 ( in the future) • data format Resolution: 1080p, 1080i(1920 x 1080), 720p (1280 x 720), 480p • Sync Level: Tri-level • Color space: ITU-R BT.709

  34. HDTV- Y Waveform

  35. HDTV – Color Waveform

  36. Digital Data Format • RGB(Come from D-sub or DVI connector) • Format 8:8:8, 24 bits(one clk one pixel) or 48 bits ( one clk two pixels) • Data range: 0 ~ 255 • 2 pixel = 6 bytes (48 bits) • Video (come from Composite, S-video and YPbPr for DTV) • 4:4:4 (24 or 48 bit) • 2 pixel = YCbCr + YCbCr= 6 bytes (48 bits) • ITU-R601 4:2:2 (16 bits), sampling rate=13.5MHz • 16 bits data + video clock + H Sync + V Sync • 2 pixel = (Y0 U0) + (Y1 V0)=16 bits + 16 bits = 32 bits • ITU-R656 4:2:2(8 bit), Sampling rate = 27 MHz • 8 bits data + embedded Sync + video clock • 2 pixel = Y0 + U0 + Y1 +V0 = 4 bytes = 32 bits

  37. Video Digital Data Format – 4:4:4 vs 4:2:2

  38. Video Digital Data format- 4:2:2

  39. BT656 Format-1 • Y data normal range: 16 ~ 235 • CbCr data normal range: 16 ~ 240 (128+/-112). • 3. During blanking interval, Y should have a value of 10H • CrCb should have a value of 80H.

  40. BT656 Format-2

  41. BT656 Format-3

  42. ASI510 Function • Input Source muxing. • Data format Conversion • Input Signal Capture • Memory Arrangement • Frame Rate Conversion • De-Interlace • Scalar • Image/Video Enhancement • Color Space Conversion • Display Control ( Signal, PIP, POP, PAP, Digest) • OSD • ICC • Panel Timing Control

  43. ADI BLOCK

  44. Input Source Muxing • Input MUXing select any two of three port input to Channel X and Y Channel. (Three input port are digital port, Video Port #1 and Video Port #2. • It include data and control sync.

  45. Digital Port(RGB, HDTV, DVI) • 1. It is a 8:8:8 data format • 2. It could be 24(single pixel) or 48 bits (Dual Pixel) • 3. If input timing is 1280x1024 (SXGA) 60 Hz (110Mhz) • 24 bits input, pixel clock = 110MHz • 48 bits input, pixel clock = 55 MHz • 4. Dual pixel problem: Miss alignment (not miss first pixel)

  46. Video Port A and B • R656 8 bits input for each video A and B. • R601 16 bits input for combination of video A and B.

  47. Input Capture Control • 1. Analog RGB and HDTV Input • Find the first pixel( Data Valid), and detect the Sync timing and find H and V total. • FW using these information to capture input picture. • DVI, R656 and R601 input • These format already include sync information, • FW just using these sync information to capture the input picture.

  48. Input Capture Control-Input Region

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