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Latin and Greek roots and affixes

Latin and Greek roots and affixes. (1) arch- means chief; first. Examples Archetype = original Archbishop = chief bishop Archeology = study of first people or ancient times. (2) be- means over; thoroughly. Examples Bedaub = smear all over Befuddle = to confuse totally

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Latin and Greek roots and affixes

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  1. Latin and Greek roots and affixes

  2. (1) arch- means chief; first Examples Archetype = original Archbishop = chief bishop Archeology = study of first people or ancient times

  3. (2) be- means over; thoroughly Examples Bedaub = smear all over Befuddle = to confuse totally Beguile = totally charm or even deceive

  4. (3) Bi means two Examples Bicycle = two-wheeled fun Biennial = every two years Bicameral = two groups/houses (like in Congress)

  5. (4) cata- means down Examples Catastrophe = disaster Cataract = waterfall Catapult = to hurl (throw down)

  6. (5) circum- means around Examples Circumnavigate = travel all the way around the world Circumspect = cautious (looking around) Circumscribe = to limit (place a circle around)

  7. (6) com-/con- means with; together Examples Combine = put together with Communicate = talk with Conference = meeting

  8. (7) co-/col- means with; together Examples Coeditor = editor with another Collateral = connected with Collate = to put together

  9. (8) Cor- means with; together Examples Correlate = to match up with Corroborate = to confirm; to verify

  10. (9) Contra-/contro- means against Examples Contravene = conflict with Controversy = argument or dispute Contradictory = disagreeing with

  11. (10) Demi- means partly; half Examples Demigod = partly a god Demitasse = small cup

  12. (11) Di- means two Examples Dichotomy = split into two parts Dilemma = choice between two bad alternatives

  13. (12) Dia- means across Examples Diameter = distance across the center of a circle Diagonal = distance across a figure Diagram = a drawn model

  14. (13) Dis-/dif- means not; apart Examples Discord = not in harmony Differ = to disagree Disparity = not being equal; having a difference

  15. (14) Dys- means faulty; bad Examples Dysfunctional = operate incorrectly Dyslexia = faulty ability to read Dyspepsia = indigestion

  16. (15) Ex-/e- means out Examples Exit = to leave Expel = to drive out Extirpate = to root out Eject = to throw out

  17. (16) Extra-/extro- means beyond;outside Examples Extracurricular = beyond the curriculum Extraterritorial = beyond a nation’s boundaries Extrovert = a person mostly interested in other people and things

  18. (17) Hyper- means above; excessively Examples Hyperbole = exaggeration Hyperventilate = breathe very quickly

  19. (18) Hypo- means beneath; lower Examples Hypoglycemia = low blood sugar Hypothyroid = low-functioning Hypodermic = beneath your skin

  20. (19) in-/im- means not Examples Inefficient = not efficient or productive Inarticulate = can’t speak understandably Impeccable = not wrecked up; perfect

  21. (20) il-/ir- means not Examples Illegible = not readable Irrelevant = doesn’t matter Irrevocable = can’t change it or “call it back”

  22. (21) inter- means between; among Examples Intervene = come between International = between countries Interjection = a comment thrown in

  23. (22) in-/im-/il-/ir- means in; on; upon; among Examples Invite = to call in Illustration = something that makes things clear Impression = have an effect upon someone’s opinion Irradiate = to shine upon

  24. (23) intra-/intro- means within Examples Intramural = within a school Introvert = person who turns within himself

  25. (24) macro- means large; long Examples Macrobiotic = prolonging life Macrocosm = the entire universe or “the big picture”

  26. (25) mega- means great; million Examples Megalomania = delusions of grandeur/greatness Megaton = explosive force of a million tons of TNT Megaphone = makes your voice really loud

  27. (26) meta- means involving change Examples Metamorphosis = a complete change of form Metacognition = a complete change of thinking

  28. (27) micro- means small; miniature Examples Microcosm = miniature universe/world Microscopic = extremely small to look at Microbe = tiny organism

  29. (28) mis- means bad; wrong Examples Misdemeanor = minor crime Mischance = unfortunate accident Misnomer = wrong name

  30. (29) mis- means hatred Examples Misanthrope = person who hates mankind Misogynist = person who hates women

  31. (30) mono- means one Examples Monarchy = government by one king or queen Monotheism = belief in one god Monopoly = one person/entity has complete ownership/control

  32. (31) -able/-iblemeans capable of adj. Examples Portable = able to be carried Legible = able to be read Interminable = not able to be limited

  33. (32) –ac/-icmeans like or about adj. Examples Cardiac = about the heart Aquatic = about the water Dramatic = about drama

  34. (33) –acious/-iciousmeans full of adj. Examples Audacious = full of daring Perspicacious = full of mental perception Avaricious = full of greed

  35. (34) -al [turns a noun into an adjective] Examples Maniacal = insane Final = the end of something Logical = clear and orderly thinking

  36. (35) –ant/-entmeans full of adj. or noun Examples Eloquent = full of fluid and effective speech Suppliant = a person full of requests Verdant = very (full of) green

  37. (36) –arymeans like, about, connected withadj. or noun Examples Dictionary = book about words Honorary = with honor Luminary = shiny person or object

  38. (37) –ate means to makeverb Examples Consecrate = to make holy Enervate = to make tired or weary Mitigate = to make less severe

  39. (38) –ationmeans that which isnoun Examples Exasperation = out of patience Irritation = annoyance Fascination = totally interested

  40. (39) –cy means state of beingnoun Examples Democracy = government ruled by the people Obstinacy = being obstinate (stubborn) Accuracy = being accurate (correct)

  41. (40) –eer/-er/-or means person whonoun Examples Mutineer = person who rebels Teacher = person who teaches Censor = person who deletes improper content

  42. (41) –ficmeans making; causingadj. Examples Terrific = causing fear Soporific = causing sleep

  43. (42) –fymeans to makeverb Examples Magnify = to enlarge Petrify = to turn into rock Beautify = to make beautiful

  44. (43) –iferousmeans producing; bearingadj. Examples Pestiferous = carrying disease Vociferous = producing a loud noise

  45. (44) –il/-ilemeans about; capable ofadj. Examples Puerile = about a boy or child Ductile = capable of being hammered or drawn Civil = polite

  46. (45) –ism means doctrine; belief systemnoun Examples Monotheism = belief in just one god Communism = doctrine of the government owning everything and people owning nothing Judaism = belief in the Jewish Yahweh god

  47. (46) –istmeans doer, person who studiesnoun Examples Geologist = person who studies the earth Artist = person who creates art Realist = person who “does” reality

  48. (47) –itymeans state of beingnoun Examples Annuity = having a yearly grant Credulity = being very willing to believe Sagacity = being full of wisdom

  49. (48) –ize/-isemeans to makeverb Examples Victimize = to make someone a victim Harmonize = to make pleasing, blending sounds Enfranchise = to set or make free

  50. (49) –oidmeans resembling, likeverb Examples Ateroid= like a star Arthropoid= resembling a human Spheroid = similar to a sphere

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