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Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions. Reaction Types. Write and classify balanced chemical equations from written descriptions of reactions. Include : polyatomic ions Predict the products of chemical reactions, given the reactants and type of reaction. Include : polyatomic ions Additional KEY Terms.

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Chemical Reactions

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  1. Chemical Reactions Reaction Types

  2. Write and classify balanced chemical equations from written descriptions of reactions. • Include: polyatomic ions • Predict the products of chemical reactions, given the reactants and type of reaction. • Include: polyatomic ions • Additional KEY Terms

  3. Chemical equation – contains all necessary info about a reaction (like a recipe). + +

  4. The Law of Conservation of Mass: In any chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed. H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (g) O O O O H H H H H H H H 2 2 We call this equation unbalanced because the atoms are not conserved.

  5. Balancing Rules: You cannotchange the formulaof any reactant or product. You canonlychange the coefficients in front of the reactants and products. 3 H2O

  6. 2 HCl + MgBr2 MgCl2 + HBr 2 (2) = 2 (2) = 2 H: 1 H: 1 Cl: 1 Cl: 2 Mg: 1 Mg: 1 Br: 2 Br: 1 (2) = 2 (2) = 2 BALANCED

  7. 2 2 K(NO3) + MgMg(NO3)2 + K (2) = 2 (2) = 2 K: 1 K: 1 NO3: 1 NO3: 2 Mg: 1 Mg: 1 (2) = 2 BALANCED

  8. Solid potassium oxide and chlorine gas react to produce potassium chloride and oxygen gas. +1 -2 +1 -1 potassium oxide potassium chloride + + chlorine oxygen (s) 2 2 (g) K2O + ClKCl + O (g) 4 2 2

  9. Many reactions are similar. • Chemists have classified the 5 types of reactions. • BIG PICTURE IDEA: • If you know the reactants - you can guess the typeof reaction AND predict the products.

  10. Key Words • Synthesis reactions • Decomposition reactions • Single replacement reactions • Double replacement reactions • Combustion reactions

  11. Synthesis Reactions (Combination): 2 or more substances react to form a single substance. A + B  C 2 2 K + Cl2KCl Fe + O2 Fe2O3 2 4 3

  12. Decomposition Reactions: A single compound splits apart, into two or more simpler compounds. C  A + B 2 2 CO2CO + O2 Al2S3 Al + S 2 3

  13. Single Replacement Reactions: One element replaces another element in a compound. More active elements replace less active elements. A + BC  AC + B 2 2 I2 + CuCl Cl2 + CuI Ba + K(NO3) K + Ba(NO3)2 2 2

  14. Double Replacement Reactions: 2 compounds split and exchange positive ions AB + CD  AD + CB 2 2 BaF2 + LiBr BaBr2 + LiF HCl + AlBr3HBr + AlCl3 3 3

  15. Combustion Reactions: Oxygen reacts with a carbon compound to produce water, carbon dioxide and heat. CxHy+ O2  CO2 + H2O 8 7 3 C7H6O + O2 CO2 + H2O C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O 5 3 4

  16. Synthesis or combination A + B  C Decomposition C  A + B Single replacement A + BC  B + AC Double replacement AC + BD  AD + BC Combustion reactions CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O

  17. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? • Writeand classify balanced chemical equations from written descriptions of reactions. • Include: polyatomic ions • Predict the products of chemical reactions, given the reactants and type of reaction. • Include: polyatomic ions

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