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Complex Cognitive Processes Chapter 8

Complex Cognitive Processes Chapter 8. Metacognition and learning strategies . Cognitive Processes. Lower-level processes Higher-level processes . Metacognition. develops over time Greater metacognitive awareness = more likely to use effective strategies, have high achievement.

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Complex Cognitive Processes Chapter 8

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  1. Complex Cognitive Processes Chapter 8

  2. Metacognition and learning strategies

  3. Cognitive Processes • Lower-level processes • Higher-level processes

  4. Metacognition • develops over time • Greater metacognitive awareness = more likely to use effective strategies, have high achievement

  5. Effective Learning Strategies • Overt strategies • Covert strategies

  6. Factors Affecting Strategy Use • ??

  7. Diversity, Disabilities, & Exceptional Abilities • Cultural differences in students’ epistemic beliefs • definition & purpose of learning • role of effort • learning strategies • Students with disabilities may need explicit instruction, scaffolding

  8. Knowledge Transfer • Positive transfer • Negative transfer • Specific transfer • General transfer

  9. Factors Affecting Transfer • Meaningfulness of original learning • Similarity to original learning • Material • principles, theories more easily transferred than discrete facts • Relevance • context-free material more easily transferred than context-bound • Cultural environment, expectations

  10. Problem Solving • Well-defined problems • Ill-defined problems

  11. Problem-Solving Strategies • Algorithm • Heuristic

  12. Factors Affecting Problem Solving • Working memory capacity • Encoding • Metacognitive processes

  13. Creativity • Two components • new, original behavior • productive result • Involves divergent thinking

  14. Fostering Creativity • Show students that creativity is valued • Focus on internal rewards • Promote mastery of subject area • Ask thought-provoking questions • Give students freedom, security to take risks • Provide time

  15. Critical thinking

  16. Critical Thinking • Evaluating accuracy, credibility, worth of information and lines of reasoning • verbal reasoning • argument analysis • probabilistic reasoning • hypothesis testing

  17. Fostering Critical Thinking • Teach fewer topics, greater depth • Encourage intellectual skepticism • Model critical thinking • Provide opportunities to practice • Ask questions • Debate controversial issues • Help students understand that critical thinking involves considerable mental effort, but it’s worth it • Embed critical thinking skills in authentic activities

  18. Diversity in complex thinking processes

  19. Diverse populations • Respect culture • multicultural background enhances critical thinking skills • Assist students who have special needs

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