Overview of BNL’s Accelerator R&D Program

1. Overview of BNL’s Accelerator R&D Program Vitaly Yakimenko April 18, 2006 DOE Annual High Energy Physics Program Review Brookhaven National Laboratory

2. Outline: Superconducting Magnet Division (SMD) Peter Wonder Advanced Accelerator R&D group Robert Palmer Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) Vitaly Yakimenko Accelerator R&D at C-AD Vitaly Yakimenko (2/30)

3. HEP Superconducting Magnet Program • ILC Beam Delivery System R&D • High Field Magnet R&D • Superconducting Materials Development • LARP - Magnets Vitaly Yakimenko (3/30)

4. ILC Final Focus Magnet R&D - FY06/07 FY06 accomplishments: Integrated design (beam optics + superconducting magnets) of 14 mrad IR Successful test of coil with active shielding of external magnetic field Measured motion of a cold magnet at the sensitivity needed at the ILC IR. FY07 plans: Start 2m prototype magnet, continue beam optics work, continue vibration studies Vitaly Yakimenko (4/30)

5. High Field Magnet R&D Nb3Sn React-and-Wind Common Coil (twin-aperture, 4cm gap) dipole completed and tested. Reached conductor limit, 10 T. React-and-wind can also be used for high temperature superconductor. Program terminated due to lack of funding Vitaly Yakimenko (5/30)

6. Superconducting Materials Development • Close collaboration with Materials Science Dept. and industry: materials expertise + magnet expertise • Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) R&D • Nb3Sn conductor development • Leading LARP three-lab effort on Nb3Sn • MgB2 wire development • High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) R&D • Bi-2223 tape and 2nd –generation YBCO tapes • Strain sensitivity: Nb3Sn ≈ HTS  Nb3Sn experience & equipment useful with HTS. Vitaly Yakimenko (6/30)

7. BNL LARP Magnet Program • GOAL: test Nb3Sn long racetrack coils and support structure  input to LARP quadrupole design • Collaboration: FNAL (manager) + LBNL ( support structure) + BNL (coils) • STATUS: 30 cm racetrack coil + support structure ready to test • Transfer of “wind and react” technology from LBNL to BNL • PLANS: • test 3.6 m coils and support structure – December 2006 • check effect of lengthening on coil, support structure • test additional 3.6 m coil – September 2007 • check quad coil construction methods Vitaly Yakimenko (7/30)

8. Summary • Magnet program well aligned with the National goals: ILC, LARP. These elements receive direct programmatic funding. • Distinguishing features of the program are: • Direct wind technique • HTS development (mostly outside HEP in BES/NP) • Materials expertise • React-and-Wind Nb3Sn development • Full length fabrication and testing • Base program support continues to be reduced • High field magnet R&D terminated • Cable testing terminated Vitaly Yakimenko (8/30)

9. Advanced Accelerator R&D Group Working on • Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider collaboration (NFMCC): • Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider R&D • Liquid Target Experiment MERIT • Non NFMCC Advanced Accelerator work • Solid Target Radiation Studies • Fixed Field alternating Gradient (FFAG) Studies Vitaly Yakimenko (9/30)

10. Advanced Accelerator R&D Vitaly Yakimenko (10/30)

11. Advanced Accelerator R&D Vitaly Yakimenko (11/30)

12. Neutrino Factory Design & Simulation (Part of NFMCC) • Mainly part of International Scoping Study (ISS) • Comparison of Schemes • Only 201 MHz Study 2A achieves • 1021mu decays per year goal • ISS current leanings: • 201 MHz frequency OLD • Proton Energy 10 GeV NEW • 5 bunch proton train (0.5 µs sep) • to reduce loading and space charge problems NEW Vitaly Yakimenko (12/30)

13. Liquid Target Experiment MERIT (Part of NFMCC) • BNL,MIT,CERN,RAL,Princeton,Oak Ridge Collaboration Harold Kirk is one of two Spokespersons • Will expose mercury Jet to CERN proton beam • Probably only practical target at 4 MW • BNL oversight of 15 T pulsed magnet acquisition Magnet now at MIT for testing - below right • Instrumentation Department building Optics system to observe mercury dispersion by beam Vitaly Yakimenko (13/30)

14. Recent progress on MERIT Vitaly Yakimenko (14/30)

15. Advanced Accelerator R&D Vitaly Yakimenko (15/30)

16. Targetry R&D budget • Liquid Target Studies $50K • Engineering Support • Solid Target Studies $270K • Blip Beam Time • Hot Cell usage • Instrumentation • Materials • Horn/Target design • Graduate Student $50K • Travel $30K • Total $400K The bulk of the resources is placed into our materials/irradiation studies. Vitaly Yakimenko (16/30)

17. Advanced Accelerator R&D Vitaly Yakimenko (17/30)

18. Advanced Accelerator R&D Summary Vitaly Yakimenko (18/30)

19. The ATF is a proposal-driven, advisory committee reviewed USER FACILITY for long-term R&D into the Physics of Beams. The ATF serves the whole community: National Labs, universities, industry and international collaborations. ATF contributes to Education in Beam Physics. (~2 PhD / year) In-house R&D on photoinjectors, lasers, diagnostics, computer control and more (~3 Phys. Rev. X / year) Support from HEP and BES. The ATF features: High brightness electron gun 75 Mev Linac High power lasers beam-synchronized at the picosec level (TW level CO2 laser) 4 beam lines + controls BNL Accelerator Test Facility - ATF Vitaly Yakimenko (19/30)

20. ATF Statistics Run time: ~ 1000 hour / year Graduated students: 22 Current number of experiments: 14 Staff members: 11, 1 visitor Phys Rev X: ~ 3 / year since 1995 Vitaly Yakimenko (20/30)

21. ATF Terawatt CO2 Laser Story (past and present) Ion and Proton source 3 TW Seeded LWFA LACARA Nonlinear Thomson scattering EUV source 300 GW Resonant PWA PASER HGHG STELLA 30 GW Thomson X-ray source Inverse Cherenkov accelerator IFEL accelerator 3 GW 1995 2000 2005 2010 Vitaly Yakimenko (21/30)

22. 4 mm Thomson X-ray source HGHG SASE @1mm 2 mm STELLA Dielectric WFA IFEL ICA 1 mm Micro bunching VISA Smith Purcell experiment Plasma WFA 0.5 mm 1995 1998 2001 2004 Why we need better emittance To match laser accelerating or FEL beam and electron beam; or to transport through small (high frequency) accelerating channel Vitaly Yakimenko (22/30)

23. Ion generation experiment Vitaly Yakimenko (23/30)

24. Monochromatic beams with CO2 laser Proton energy spectrum from a structured target. (a) Solid state laser with =1m. (b) CO2 laser with =10m. The CO2 laser produces a much narrower proton spectrum because of the narrower phase space fill. Vitaly Yakimenko (24/30)

25. Plasma Wakefield experiments at ATF • Multi-bunch Plasma Wakefield Acceleration at ATF, AE31. Spokepersons T. Katsouleas and P. Muggli, Univ. Southern California. • Laser Wakefield Acceleration Driven by a CO2 Laser, AE32, Spokesperson W. Kimura, STI Optronics • Ion Motion in Intense Beam-Driven Plasma Wakefield (UCLA, J. Rosenzweig) • Plasma density measurement 1016-1019 by Stark broadening Vitaly Yakimenko (25/30)

26. Beam splitting during compression Chicane Dog-leg Experimental beam line Spectrometer Linac x-band • Interaction of the Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) with the beam itself leads to energy modulation along the beam. • It produces two distinct beams (due to two stages of compression: chicane and dog-leg) very useful for some experiments at ATF (two beam PWA). • X band linac section is needed to deliver clean, low energy spread compressed beam to user experiments • Structure is available, ATF has a spare modulator, SLAC needs $350K to manufacture X-band klystron for ATF • Three experimental groups will immediately benefit. ~2% E ~2% E Vitaly Yakimenko (26/30)

27. Micro-chicane Optical amplifier Bypass Pickup wiggler Kicker wiggler Diagnostic wiggler Optical Stochastic Cooling • It is feasible to cool gold and protons beams at full energy in RHIC and possibly Pb at LHC with multistage optical amplifier. • Optical parametric amplifier based on CaGeAs was suggested and experimentally tested at ATF • Bypass experiment with electron beam at ATF • Will prove lattice control, optical amplifier and adequate diagnostics • It is similar to previously successful at ATF staged laser accelerator (STELLA and STELLA II) experiments. • requires dedicated manpower. Vitaly Yakimenko (27/30)

28. Polarized Positron Source (PPS) summary • Compton back-scattering based PPS is a backup scheme for ILC and the only choice for CLIC • We propose Compton-based PPS inside optical cavity of CO2 laser beam and 6 GeV e-beam produced by linac. • The proposal utilizes commercially available units for laser and accelerator systems. • The proposal requires high power picoseconds CO2 laser mode of operation developed at ATF. (ATF is the only facility in the world with operational Joule/picosecond CO2 laser system.) • 3 year laser R&D is needed to verify laser operation in the non standard regime. Vitaly Yakimenko (28/30)

29. Conclusion • The experimental program at ATF is strong, broad and relevant to HEP • It is aimed at near, intermediate and long term accelerator R&D: • Beam brightness, compression (LCLS) • Polarized Positron Source (ILC and CLIC) • Optical Stochastic Cooling (RHIC and LHC upgrade) • Beam and laser based Plasma Wakefield Accelerators (PWA), ion movement in the PWA (ILC upgrade) • Laser based accelerators (post ILC) • Compact, high brightness laser based proton, ion and neutron sources (medical applications, injector, security…) • ATF plays important role in education of accelerator scientists • The support and progress of the user experiments is seriously limited by the accelerator staff level Vitaly Yakimenko (29/30)

30. Accelerator R&D at C-ADfrom V. Litvinenko (non HEP funding) • High current super-conducting energy recovery linacs (ERL) • High current super-conducting RF guns • Generation and transport of ultra-high brightness electron beams in ERLs • Secondary emission (diamond) photo-cathodes • High energy electron cooling of ions and protons in collider mode • Stochastic cooling of bunched beams • Development of polarized SRF electron gun (with MIT) • Development of FFAG (fixed-filed alternating-gradient) accelerator lattices for protons and ions • Development of rapid cycling proton synchrotron for medical applications Vitaly Yakimenko (30/30)