Understanding the Body Systems: Homeostasis and Skeletal System

2. DO NOW • What is homeostasis?? • Can you name any systems of the body? Do you know how those systems are organized?

11. Direct and Control processes by taking electrical signals to and from brain Supports and connects ex: bone, fat Covers and protects surfaces ex: your skin Can contract or shorten to make body parts move

23. http://www.slideshare.net/allsaintsscience/8th-gradech1-sec-1-body-organization-homeostasis-2881629http://www.slideshare.net/allsaintsscience/8th-gradech1-sec-1-body-organization-homeostasis-2881629

24. Section 2 – The Skeletal System

25. Shape and Support • Your backbone/vertebral column is the center of the skeleton. • Made of 26 small bones called “vertebrae” • Allows you to bend / twist

26. Movement and Protection

27. Production and Storage of Substances

28. Joints of the Skeleton • What is a joint? • A joint is a place in the body where two bones come together. They allow bones to move in different ways

29. Types of Joints

30. Types of Joints • Hinge • Ex: knee and elbow • Ball-and-socket • Ex: shoulder and hips • Pivot • Ex: neck turn side to side • Gliding • Ex: wrist and ankle - bend and flex and move a little bit side to side • http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ellipsoidal_joint.shtml

31. Bones vs. Skeleton • Skeletons are dead dried up bodies • Bones are living structures that grow and develop

34. Bone Structure • Outer membrane • nerves and blood vessels enter and leave through • Compact Bone • Hard and dense , but not solid • Spongy bone • Small spaces like a sponge….lightweight but strong • Marrow • See pg 17

35. Bone Growth • Bones are alive and growing and repairing themselves all the time • When you were little, you had a lot of cartilage, but it was replaced by bone. Usually this stops by the time you are done growing.

36. Taking Care of your Bones • 1. Diet • Bones need calcium and phosphorus • (found in meats, whole grains, leafy green vegetables) • 2. Exercise • Your bones need to stay strong and dense • do weight bearing activities like running, dancing, etc.

37. Osteoporosis • Bones begin to lose minerals, and then they become weak and break easily • Most often, fractures occur most often in hip, spine, and wrist

38. How can you prevent Osteoporosis • Exercise regularly throughout your life and eat plenty of calcium--especially

40. Homework: • Page 19 Section assessment

41. DO NOW • Discover Activity pg 20

42. Section 3 – Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries * 3 common skeletal injuries * 1. Fracture 2. Dislocation 3. Sprain

43. Fracture • Break in a bone • Simple Bone might be cracked or completely broken • Compound broken ends of bone stick out through the skin

44. Dislocation • End of a bone comes out of its joint

45. Sprain • Ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places • Common in ankle

46. Identifying Injuries

47. X-RAYS • Pg 21 • X-ray = form of energy that travels in waves, like light • Need lead apron to protect organs from unnecessary exposure • pass through soft tissue but not bone • Can only be used to view bone • Can damage cells

48. MRI’S

49. TREATING INJURIES • Joint Replacements • Arthroscopy

50. Joint Replacement • Can replace hips, knees, shoulders, fingers, and wrists with artificial ones • Often needed by people with arthritis (disease of the joints that makes movement painful)