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Eric Lindstrom, OOPC Chair Albert Fischer, IOC/UNESCO 15 November 2011, ESA, Paris, France

GOVST-III Ocean Observation Panel for Climate (OOPC). Eric Lindstrom, OOPC Chair Albert Fischer, IOC/UNESCO 15 November 2011, ESA, Paris, France. OOPC: Our Foci and Agenda. State of the Ocean: Improve and expand ocean climate indices at OOPC web site.

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Eric Lindstrom, OOPC Chair Albert Fischer, IOC/UNESCO 15 November 2011, ESA, Paris, France

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  1. GOVST-III Ocean Observation Panel for Climate (OOPC) Eric Lindstrom, OOPC Chair Albert Fischer, IOC/UNESCO 15 November 2011, ESA, Paris, France

  2. OOPC: Our Foci and Agenda State of the Ocean: Improve and expand ocean climate indices at OOPC web site. Societal Relevance: Stories and implications for society from ocean observations and ocean climate indices Brief Current Events: El Niño, PDO, weather/climate events State of the Observing System: Up-to-date info for status of satellite and in-situ observing system including data management. Better integration. Liaison and Review: Continue to interact with the ocean/climate community and with other programs to advocate for sustaining and enhancing the observing system; reviewing components of the system as necessary.

  3. State of the Ocean Indices and Current/Recent Events

  4. Early results (surface salinity) from Aquarius released in September 2011

  5. Transition of the 2009-10 El Niño to the 2010-11 La Niña Sea level anomaly Niño3.4 SST index

  6. The 2010-11 La Niña & flooding in Australia

  7. Global sea level drop associated with the 2010-11 La Niña The global sea level drop in 2010 is associated with excess terrestrial water storage in Australia & South America (from GRACE), consistent with observed precipitation pattern.

  8. What can we expect this winter? Return of La Niña? Niño3.4 SST index for the past two years ?

  9. Arctic sea ice extent continues the multi-decadal decline tendency Sea ice extent in Aug. 2011 & median

  10. Antarctic sea ice extent remains relatively constant on decadal time scales Sea ice extent in Aug. 2011 & median

  11. Sea level trends – OST data 1993 to 2011 Image credit: V. Zlotnicki, A. Hayashi

  12. State of the Observing Systems

  13. Sustained global ocean observing system from Ocean Obs ’09 • Required (physical): • Extended Argo (full depth highly desired) • T/P-Jason class altimetry (wide swath mesoscale resolution desired) • Scatterometry winds (synoptic coverage highly desirable) • SST (combined system) • Sea ice (extent and thickness) and under-ice observations • Gliders and Boundary Current measurements • Sea surface salinity • Space-borne gravity (bottom pressure) changes • Argo-mounted nutrient/oxygen/… sensors • Ancillary to the ocean observation problem: • Land ice volume, • land hydrology (run-off) • Land carbon GCOS SC- Lindstrom

  14. Observing networks – Improving commitments for satellite observations Adequacy of committed satellite missions status in 2011 GCOS SC- Lindstrom

  15. Jason-3 Re-plan and Mission Schedule – V2-2 4 partners

  16. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 HY-2B China Saral/AltiKaFr./India HY-2A China CRYOSAT-2 Europe Jason-CS Europe/USA Sentinel-3B Europe SWOT USA/France Jason-2Fr./USA GFO-2 USA Global Altimeter Missions Launch Date 08 09 21 Reference Missions - Higher Accuracy/Medium Inclination 12/01 Jason-1 Fr./USA Jason-3 Europe/USA Complementary Missions - Medium Accuracy/Higher Inclination Sentinel-3A Europe 3/02 Sentinel-3C/D ENVISATEurope GFOUSA 2/98 Broad-Coverage Mission sw 17sep10 Extended Life Approved Proposed Design Life Operating

  17. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 HY-2AChina CFOSatChina/France HY-2B China Meteor-M3 Russia -W3 w/DFS Japan/USA Oceansat-3 India Oceansat-2India GCOM-W2 with DFS Japan/USA METOP-AEurope Global Scatterometer Missions Launch Date 08 09 21 C-band 10/06 Post EPS Europe METOP-B Europe METOP-C Europe Ku-band 6/99 QuikSCATUSA QuikSCAT/CalibrationUSA FY-3E (w/DFS?)China Combined C- and Ku-band sw 17sep10 Extended Life Design Life Proposed Approved Operating

  18. Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets Origin 62% Total in situ networks September 2011 100% 100% 59% 80% 100% 62% 73% 48% 34% Original goal: Full implementation in 2010 System % complete

  19. A large gap in the global observing system: the deep ocean • Studies found the deep ocean contributing to heat content & sea level change significantly (e.g., Wunsch et al. 2007, Purkey & Johnson 2010). • But significant knowledge gaps of deep-ocean variability exist, and limit our understanding of global sea level and energy budgets. • Sparsity of deep measurements hampers estimate of meridional heat transport variability. • Deep ocean changes observed from sparse & infrequent observations need to be refined (reducing uncertainty) & understood (mechanisms). • Estimates of deep ocean variability & change trends inferred from modeling and assimilation products need to be evaluated.

  20. Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s (Purkey & Johnson 2010) • Need denser and more frequent measurements to • avoid potential aliasing of small-scale & high-frequency variability; • understand processes (e.g.,advection & wave propagation)

  21. Upper ocean thermal observing review in 2012 • Some inspiration from the GODAE OceanView successful ‘Patrons’ approach • Consultation with funders of upper ocean thermal observing networks: • Argo, XBT, moorings • ship-based hydrography, gliders, animal observations • link to satellite observations • Consultation with users: science and operational • How can we optimize the system? • Feasibility and impact

  22. BACK-UP SLIDES GCOS SC- Lindstrom

  23. OOPC Action Items from GCOS SC-XVII Action 8. Ocean Climate Services. The SC requested the Secretariat to take steps to ensure that observations in support of ocean climate services are included as part of the GOOS/GCOS contribution to the proposed new Global Framework for Climate Services. OOPC Chair received GFCS for comment. Action 9. GOOS Contribution to the UNFCCC. The SC requested that, in reporting to, and in interacting with, SBSTA on the implementation of GCOS, the Chairman and Secretariat should make every effort to raise the profile of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) regarding its particular importance for climate, especially for climate prediction. Status: OOPC Chair/Secretariat working on Framework for Ocean Observation Action 10. Ocean Surface Wave Climatologies. The SC requested OOPC to consider, in liaison with operational requirements for marine safety, the climate requirements for ocean surface wave climatologies. In doing so, it should collaborate with the JCOMM DBCP. Status: OOPC co-Sponsoring MARCDAT-3

  24. OOPC Action Items from GCOS SC-XVII Action 11. Sea Ice. The SC requested the OOPC to work with the JCOMM Expert Team on Sea Ice (ETSI), WCRP, the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), and the International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) to assess and improve sea ice products and observational requirements. Status: No specific plans determined Action 12. Ocean Observations for Climate. The SC requested the OOPC to stress the benefits of the GCOS to IOC Member States, e.g., at IOC Executive Council and Assembly sessions, in particular bringing to their attention the importance of observations in Exclusive Economic Zones for understanding and predicting the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere and the importance generally of ocean observations for climate. Status: Ongoing Action 13. Converging Requirements for Ocean Observations. The SC requested that OOPC explore more effective means for converging the multiple requirements for ocean observations, e.g., for operational oceanography, climate services, and climate data records for research, and also for improving advocacy for such observations. Status: Ongoing

  25. Decisions and Actions from OOPC-1419-22 January 2010, NOAA/AOML, Miami FL, USA • Improve societal relevance of OOPC ocean climate indices http://ioc-goos-oopc.org • improve suite: indices for tropical cyclones (heat content, storm energy), think about deep ocean indices (high uncertainty from low obs.) • reverse presentation for impacts view • Start with specific examples: SW Australia drought; South Florida rainfall; S. California; E. Africa seasonal rainfall – link to key ocean climate indices • Encourage feedback: wiki format to allow input, blog with overview • OOPC in an integrated framework for sustained ocean observations including biogeochemistry and ecosystems (post-OceanObs’09) • Climate is central to OOPC, maintain focus on GCOS IP – UNFCCC • Biogeochemistry and ecosystems in OOPC related to climate impacts • maintain close link to other parts of framework that might focus on other Conventions and their priorities: Biodiversity CBD, Sustainability of living marine resources CSD, … • improve links to coastal ocean observing systems

  26. Decisions and Actions from OOPC-1419-22 January 2010, NOAA/AOML, Miami FL, USA • Review Deep ocean observation requirements • encourage clarification of primary scientific goals of deep ocean observing system at June 2010 GSOP-led workshop • sponsor review of deep ocean observation requirements end 2010 • across all relevant ECVs • observation and technology development priorities • 2011 revisit: review of Ocean Thermal observation requirements • reconciling ocean heat content, sea level, energy imbalances • could focus on error budget and sampling requirements • high effort in Argo and XBT communities on error – wait for results • CLIVAR and OOPC • Basin panel representatives on OOPC • help OOPC understand regional in situ and satellite observing needs • help OOPC develop story on societal relevance of observations • call on research programs to articulate need for sustained legacy observations in a systematic way

  27. Actions from GCOS-18

  28. Actions from OOPC-15 (Paris) • OOPC was a short meeting following OOPC Deep Ocean Workshop at IOC. • Actions • Complete Deep Ocean Requirements Document • Rebuild OOPC membership • Plan for Upper Ocean Thermal Review

  29. Proposed moored buoys OOPC Actions from GCM 2010Filling observing systems gaps in developing nations Pointe Noire, Congo • Establishment of traveling technician  assistance to sustain the pan-African network of sea level stations established by IOC/GLOSS. • Deployment of five proposed moorings in the western tropical Indian Ocean to fill a significant gap of the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS).

  30. Goals of the ocean observing system for climate • Provide data and information products for • Climate monitoring and forecasting • Climate assessment • Climate research • Outreach • Support decision-making in adaptation to climate change • Serve as a foundation for global oceanography – research and operations. GCOS SC- Lindstrom

  31. Summary 1Priority for global ocean observing systems • 100% implementation of initial system by 2015, as called for by OceanObs'09. • Deep ocean observations to address gap in monitoring of net transports of mass, heat and freshwater. • Ocean reference stations - surface flux and transport stations in boundary currents to address gaps in understanding air-sea interactions in mid-latitudes and in regions where high spatial resolution is necessary; and for providing data for assimilating into weather, ocean and climate models and for assessing their products. • Biogeochemical observations for carbon uptake and ecosystems - improve knowledge of dissolved oxygen and sea surface salinity- and the eternal note about improved coordination between satellite and in situ observations of key ECVs.

  32. Summary 2General goals of OOPC • OOPC is committed to provide updated information on the state of the ocean, its relevance to climate and society, and liaison with other programs to advocate for sustained ocean observations. • OOPC will examine the ocean observing system for needed periodic review of component elements, compliance to climate observing requirements, integration of space and in situ components, and addition of new elements. GCOS CM- Lindstrom

  33. Ocean Obs ’09 Priorities for Ocean Domain • Provide routine and sustained global information on the marine environment • Must be sufficient to meet society’s needs for useful hindcasts, nowcasts and forecasts of marine variability (including physical, biogeochemical, ecosystems and living marine resources), weather, seasonal to decadal climate variability, sustainable management of living marine resources, and assessment of longer term trends. • Suitable for scientific research with further processing and calibration • Multi-national, multi-organizational effort • Sustained, global observing system • Accessible, free, easily usable data GCOS SC- Lindstrom

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