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Canada

Canada. History, land, and culture. Canadian History. Like the U.S.: Colonial history British influence Multicultural Large country w/ many differences region to region This makes it hard to find a “national identity”. 1 st groups to live in Canada

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Canada

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  1. Canada History, land, and culture

  2. Canadian History • Like the U.S.: • Colonial history • British influence • Multicultural • Large country w/ many differences region to region • This makes it hard to find a “national identity”

  3. 1st groups to live in Canada • Inuits & Native Americans (Native Canadians) • Some lived along the coast, some made settlements in the Great Lakes region, others were nomads • British & French • Most Canadians have British or French ancestry (British = 40%, French = 27%) • Started arriving in the 1600s • Wiped up much of the native population • Fought each other for land • Period of war: 1689-1763 • British won Battle of Quebec in 1759; France surrendered all its land by 1763 • Under British law, French colonists were allowed to stay & keep their culture; Canadian gov’t continues to protect rights

  4. British control • Canada was a British territory until 1867 • 1867 BNA created the Dominion of Canada • Gave Canada its own gov’t; military & foreign policy still controlled by Great Britain • Canada gained full independence in 1931 • British monarch is still a symbolic ruler in Canada

  5. Quebec • Home to most French-speaking Canadians • English& French are the 2 national languages • Many Quebecois feel different from other Canadians • French culture/language • Feel they are discriminated against • Separatist movement • Many in Quebec want to secede (or formally withdraw) from Canada and become a new country • New cultures • Canada still receives many immigrants from Europe and, more recently, Asia

  6. Canada Today • Challenges • Balance natural resource use/extraction with environmental preservation • Oil pipelines, lumber, fishing • Problems with urbanization • Over 75% of pop. lives in urban areas • Housing shortages, pollution, providing services/resources

  7. Links with the U.S. • Longest undefended border in the world (5,000+ miles) • Cultural ties • Radio & TV programs • Pro sports leagues • Easy travel/vacation • Similar language & heritage

  8. Economic ties • Canada buys 25% of U.S. exports, U.S. buys 85% of Canadian exports • Trade agreements • FTA (1988); eliminated many tariffs (taxes on imported goods); mixed results • NAFTA (1993); Canada, US & Mexico; more successful • Many Canadians feel the US/Canadian relationship is uneven • Feel overshadowed; feel they know more about the U.S. than we know about them

  9. Global role • Location on Atlantic & Pacific oceans gives the opportunity for trade with Europe & Asia • Membership in the Commonwealth of Nations provides links to developed & developing countries • Good trade relationship with Europe • “Middle power” • Cooperates with other countries to achieve global impact • Known for its role as “global peacekeeper” • Promotion of arms control & peace negotiations

  10. The U.S. & Canada – Shared Features • Physical characteristics • Central plains • Rocky mountains & App. Mountains • Pacific & Atlantic Oceans • Great Lakes • Climates • Humid Continental • Tundra/subarctic • Highlands • Marine west coast • Ecosystems • Deciduous & coniferous forests • Tundra • Prairies

  11. People & culture • Sports & recreation • Media & entertainment • Religion • Language • Large, diverse populations • Economics, tech., environment • Advanced technology • Developed nations • Capitalist economies • High standard of living

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