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Brain Monitoring & Manipulation

Explore brain imaging methods, neurophysiology, and cognitive neuroscience principles to understand brain structure, function, and behavior monitoring in the modern Neurocentric Age.

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Brain Monitoring & Manipulation

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  1. Brain Monitoring & Manipulation Today, some three hundred forty years later, the Neurocentric Age is more deeply entrenched than ever. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, thousands of neuroscientists…continue to dismantle the brain, but they don’t have to pull it from a corpse to do so. Instead, they can scan the positronic glow of neurons recalling the faces of friends, searching for a word, generating anger or bliss, or reading the minds of others. – Carl Zimmer

  2. Goals • Introduces techniques used to look at the structure and function of the brain. • Introduces techniques used to manipulate the brain through the use of surgery, specialized disruption techniques, and drugs. • Introduces basic psychological experimental designs used to assess behavior and mental states during brain imaging or manipulation.

  3. Review neuroanatomical terms of orientation & location And basic structures

  4. Methods in space and time Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  5. Methods to observe structure

  6. X-ray J.M. Ellenbogen, M.O. Hurford, D.S. Liebeskind, G.B. Neimark & D. Weiss, Ventromedial frontal lobe trauma, Neurology 64:757 (2005)

  7. Computerized tomography (CT) Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  8. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  9. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0306/images/02-diag-03.jpghttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0306/images/02-diag-03.jpg Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with MRI Faster diffusion parallel to axons allows determination of direction of axon fiber tracts Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  10. Methods to observe function

  11. Neurophysiology of single neurons in monkeys Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  12. EEG can be quantified by its frequency content. This is basis of QEEG Electroencephalogram (EEG) Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  13. We will learn that P3 has been used for lie detection Event-related potentials derived from EEG Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  14. Color maps of spatial distribution of ERP voltage Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  15. Magneto-encephalogram (MEG) Very specialized equipment needed for this, so will not be commonly seen in neuro-law Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  16. http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_wm_image.html/C0071980-Brain_blood_vessels,_3D_angiogram-SPL.jpg?id=670071980http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_wm_image.html/C0071980-Brain_blood_vessels,_3D_angiogram-SPL.jpg?id=670071980 Blood supply to the brain Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  17. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) “Poor man’s PET” Positron emission tomography (PET) Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  18. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  19. Experimental design for PET and fMRI Block design Event-related design Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  20. http://www.biopac.com/ProductImages/fnir100.jpg Near infrared optical imaging, Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) Event-related optical signals (EROS) Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  21. Logic of double-dissociation to map function onto brain regions Damage to Region 1 results in deficit in performance of task A but not task B. Damage to Region 2 results in deficit in performance of task B but not task A. Region 1 shows more activation during task A, and Region 2 shows more activation in task B. Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  22. Brain manipulation

  23. Study deficits consequent to brain damage. Variability across individuals Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  24. TMS works because magnetic fields and electrical fields coincide according to Maxwell’s equations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

  25. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) https://thebrainstimulator.net

  26. http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_and_medical_reference/brain_and_nervous_system/Parkinsons_Disease_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_Deep_Brain_Stimulation.jpghttp://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_and_medical_reference/brain_and_nervous_system/Parkinsons_Disease_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_Deep_Brain_Stimulation.jpg Electrical stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) DBS for movement disorders and now also for mood disorders

  27. Pharmacological manipulation Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff. 2008. Sinauer.

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