Chinese and Japanese Americans

1. Chapter 13 Chinese and Japanese Americans

2. Early Immigration Patterns The Chinese were initially welcomed because it brought hard-working laborers who were able to be underpaid However, these immigrants brought with them the culture and practices of China which the European settlers were not willing to tolerate In the 20th century Chinese immigration was not allowed until 1943 (105 were allowed that year) Not until 1965 did Chinese immigrants arrive in large numbers

3. Chinatowns Today The membership in benevolent organizations is very high in China and this practice has been brought to the U.S. by Chinese Immigrants Tsu�Clans established along family lines and forming the basis for social organization by Chinese Americans Hui Kuan�Chinese American Benevolent associations organized on the basis of the district of the immigrant�s origin in China Tongs�Chinese American Secret Societies, sometimes political, sometimes engaged in illegal activities, the influence of the Tongs has dwindled over the last 60 years

4. Out Of Chinatowns Chinese Americans have begun moving out of the ethnic enclaves known as Chinatowns. There is a myth that the Chinese-Americans are all doing very well, this is born out of a desire to view all Chinese-Americans as the same In fact, while many are thriving, many Chinatowns remain hotbeds of poverty and exploitation (sweatshops, etc.)

5. Social and Cultural Capital There are some distinct benefits of the Chinatown enclaves�.. Social Capital---Collective benefits of durable social networks and their patterns of reciprocal trust On the other hand Chinatowns may reduce�.. Cultural Capital---Noneconomic forces such as family background and past investments in education that are then reflected in knowledge about the arts and language For instance only 17% of Chinese-Americans speak English in the home

6. Early Japanese Immigration Issei(EE-Say)�First-Generation immigrants from Japan to the U.S. Nisei(NEE-Say)�Children born of immigrants from Japan Sansei(SAHN-say)---Children of the Nisei Yonsei(YAWN-say)---fourth generation Kibei(kee-bay)---Japanese-Americans of the Nisei Generation sent back to Japan for schooling and to have marriages arranged

7. Executive Order 9066 Feb. 13, 1942 President Franklin Roosevelt signed this order. This authorized the removal of �potential threats to national security� This led to the Japanese Internment camps in which Japanese-AMERICANS were rounded up in imprisoned Evacuees�The japanese-AMERICANS interned in camps for the duration of World War II Could this type of thing happen again?

8. After Internment Prior to internment 87% of Japanese-Americans lived on the west coast, after internment only 58% returned there�so the outcome was a more even geographical distribution of this immigrant population While Japanese-Americans as a group have prospered since internment they continue to face prejudice and a �them� mentality that marginalizes them from mainstream American Society

9. Japanese Americans Today They may represent the strongest evidence of assimilation of immigrants in the last 60 years� Many Japanese-Americans show little evidence of wishing to maintain Japanese customs. The Japanese values that have been preserved are in line with white-middle class values and therefore have been easier to accept for mainstream America