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The Global Heat Budget

The Global Heat Budget. Air-sea exchanges of heat (& freshwater) create deep water masses & drive the conveyor belt Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar

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The Global Heat Budget

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  1. The Global Heat Budget • Air-sea exchanges of heat (& freshwater) create deep water masses & drive the conveyor belt • Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation • There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar • Ocean circulation moves heat (advection)

  2. Solar Radiation

  3. Solar Radiation

  4. The Heat Budget Total heat flux (Qt) = Solar radiation (Qs) - Latent heat loss (Qe) - Conductive heat loss (Qh) - Longwave radiation (Qb) Qt = Qs - Qe - Qh - Qb

  5. Heat Loss Terms • Latent heat flux (Qe) • Energy required to evaporate water • Most important in tropics & midlatitudes • Conductive (or sensible) heat flux (Qh) • Loss to turbulent exchange with atmosphere • Typically small • Longwave radiation (Qb) • Net thermal IR emission from ocean

  6. Global Heat Budget

  7. Net Solar Radiation Typical Jan Tropics 200 W/m2 Mid-latitudes 100 W/m2 High-latitude ~10 W/m2

  8. Latent Heat Loss Typical Jan Tropics 120 W/m2 Mid-latitudes 100 W/m2 High-latitude ~20 W/m2

  9. Conductive Heat Loss Typical Jan Tropics 0-10 W/m2 Mid-latitudes 0-40 W/m2 High-latitude 0-30 W/m2

  10. Net Longwave Radiation Typical Jan Tropics 40-50 W/m2 Mid-latitudes 60-70 W/m2 High-latitude 30-50 W/m2

  11. Total Heat Flux Typical Jan Cool NH Heat - SH WBC’s -200 W/m2 SH Subtropics 70 W/m2 NH Subtropics > -80 W/m2

  12. Total Heat Flux Typical July Heat NH Cool SH NH Subtropics 100 W/m2 SH Subtropics -40 W/m2

  13. Global Heat Budget

  14. Global Heat Transport

  15. Global Heat Transport 1015 W = 1 Petawatt

  16. Hydrographic Inverse Models • WOCE hydrographic sections are used to estimate global circulation & material transport • Mass, heat, salt & other properties are conserved • Air-sea exchanges & removal processes are considered • Provides estimates of basin scale circulation, heat & freshwater transports

  17. Global Heat Transport

  18. Global Heat Transport

  19. Global Heat Transport

  20. The Global Heat Budget • Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation • There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar • Ocean circulation moves heat (advection) • Large scale heat budget can be closed by analyzing hydrographic sections

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