CHAPTER 3

1. CHAPTER 3 “THE ROAD TO STATEHOOD”

2. FIRST EUROPEANS • THE SPANISH AND THE FRENCH WERE THE FIRST EUROPEANS TO EXPLORE MISSISSIPPI. • HERNANDO DE SOTO DISCOVERED THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER WHILE SEARCHING FOR TREASURE. • THE FRENCH INTRODUCED THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO CHRISTIANITY • IN 1789 THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY WAS CREATED.

3. 4 PERIODS OF NATIVE AMERICANS • 1. PALEO • 2. ARCHAIC • 3. WOODLAND • 4. MISSISSIPPIAN

4. PALEO(ICE AGE) 1ST • ENDED IN 8,000 B.C. (BEFORE CHRIST) • THEY FOLLOWED LARGE ANIMALS • CROSSED A LAND BRIDGE CALLED BERINGIA

5. ARCHAIC • DURING THEIR TIME HERE, CLIMATE BECAME WARMER AND LARGE ANIMALS DIED OUT. • WE DON’T KNOW MUCH ABOUT THEM BECAUSE THEY HAD NO WRITING SYSTEM.

6. WOODLAND • LEARNED HOW TO FARM • AN EFFECT OF THEM LEARNING HOW TO FARM WAS THAT THEY NO LONGER HAD TO DEPEND SOLELY ON HUNTING. • BUILT BURIAL MOUNDS AND SHAPED THEM LIKE ANIMALS THROUGHOUT MISSISSIPPI

7. MISSISSIPPIAN (1,000 A.D. – 1600) • BUILT LARGE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS ON THE HOMES OF CHIEFS. • THERE IS A MOUND IN NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI CALLED THE “GREAT SUN” MOUND

8. LARGEST TRIBES IN MISSISSIPPI • CHICKASAW • CHOCTAW • NATCHEZ • THESE TRIBES WERE WELL ORGANIZED

9. GOVERNMENT • EACH TRIBE HAD A TRIBAL COUNCIL • A CHIEF AND AT LEAST 6 COUNCIL MEMBERS

10. CLAN • THE CLAN WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUNISHING CRIMINALS AND PROTECTING THE TRIBE • APPROVED MARRIAGES • HAD TO MARRY SOMEONE FROM A DIFFERENT CLAN

11. RELIGION • MEN WERE THE RELIGIOUS FIGURES • RELIGION USUALLY REVOLVED AROUND THE SUN

12. “INTERESTING FACT” • WHEN THE RULER OF THE TRIBE DIED, SOME OF HIS WIVES AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE TRIBE WERE KILLED AND BURIED WITH HIM.

13. SPANISH EXPLORERS • THE FIRST IN MISSISSIPPI WERE THE SPANISH • INTRODUCED HORSES AND HOGS TO US • BROUGHT DISEASES THAT KILLED MANY NATIVE AMERICANS

14. NATIVE AMERICANS VS EUROPEANS • IN THE FIGHT FOR AMERICA, DIFFERENT TRIBES EITHER SIDED WITH THE FRENCH, THE ENGLISH, OR THE BRITISH. • THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR WAS A WAR OVER CONTROL OF THE OHIO AND MS RIVER VALLEYS • FRANCE WOUND UP GIVING ALL OF ITS TERRITORY UP EAST OF THE MS RIVER

15. Mississippi territory • THE NATCHEZ TRACE, SERVED AS THE ROUTE BETWEEN NATCHEZ AND NASHVILLE • IT WAS BARELY EVEN A TRAIL • ROADS WERE NOT GOOD IN THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY • ESTABLISHMENTS KNOWN AS STANDS SERVED AS MOTELS FOR TRAVELERS

16. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • THIS WAS THE ESTABLISHED GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES • PROHIBITED SLAVERY • TURN TO PAGE 67 IN YOUR BOOK

17. 3 STAGES FOR A STATE TO BE ADMITTED INTO THE u.s. • 1. THE PRESIDENT, WITH THE APPROVAL OF CONGRESS, APPOINTED A GOVERNER, 3 JUDGES, AND A SECRETARY. • 2. ONCE THE POPULATION REACHED 5,000, THE VOTERS COULD ELECT AN ASSEMBLY TO PASS LAWS AND HAVE A DELEGATE REPRESENT THEM IN CONGRESS • 3. ONCE THE TERRITORY GOT 60,000 PEOPLE, THEY COULD WRITE A STATE CONSTITUTION.

18. FIRST GOVERNMENT IN MISSISSIPPI • FIRST GOVERNER OF MISSISSIPPI WAS WINTHROP SARGENT • SECRETARY GOVERNER WAS JOHN STEELE. • TWO POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE U.S. AT THIS TIME WERE THE FEDERALIST AND THE REPUBLICANS. • SARGENT WAS CONTROVERSIAL BECAUSE HIS LAWS WERE SAID TO BE TOO STRICT. • DURING THIS TIME, THOMAS JEFFERSON WAS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

19. LAND IN MISSISSIPPI • THE CHOCTAW AND THE CHICKASAW POSSESED MOST OF THE LAND • MANY DISPUTES AROSE OVER LAND B/C LAND HAD BEEN GRANTED BY THREE DIFFERENT GOVERNMENTS. (FRENCH, ENGLISH, AND SPANISH) • THE GOVERNMENT DIVIDED THE LAND INTO SECTIONS. EACH SECTION IS 640 ACRES.

20. STATEHOOD FOR MISSISSIPPI • MISSISSIPPI BECAME AN OFFICIAL STATE OF THE UNITED STATES ON DECEMBER 10, 1817. • THE FIRST OFFICIAL GOVERNER OF MISSISSIPPI WAS DAVID HOLMES. • THE FIRST CAPITAL OF MISSISSIPPI WAS WASHINGTON WHICH IS SEVERAL MILES EAST OF NATCHEZ.