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Sample Questions. The Olmec and Chavin societies: Dominated their neighbors with their strong militaries and subjected conquered people to oppressive rule. Declined because of violent wars with rivals and the subsequent political and economic disruption.
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The Olmec and Chavin societies: • Dominated their neighbors with their strong militaries and subjected conquered people to oppressive rule. • Declined because of violent wars with rivals and the subsequent political and economic disruption. • Influenced their neighbors and subsequent societies of the Americas in terms of their cultural and economic characteristics. • Competed with each other for control of strategic resources in Mesoamerica. • Followed the Maya and Inca respectively and adopted many of the religious and cultural components of those societies.
2. Which of the following explains why the Roman Republic failed? • It could not defend itself against the migration of Germanic tribes through the western border. • Landless farmers switched their allegiance from the state to army commanders, thus eroding the strength of the military. • The republic outlawed slave labor, which dramatically slowed construction and development. • The number of peasant farmers declined, causing a shortage of men who owned the necessary property required for military service. • Large estates were divided among peasants, which decreased the overall wealth of Rome and undermined incentive and entrepreneurship.
3. Which of the following statements best describes the nature of early societies in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres? • The shift from foraging to agriculture did not occur in the Western Hemisphere until Europeans introduced technological advancements such as the wheel and the plow. • With the changes brought on by the Agricultural Revolutions, pastoral societies, with the exception of the Amerindian population of the Great Plains, ceased to exist. • Different geographical circumstances of the two hemispheres resulted in distinct patterns of development in each, although political and social similarities did exist. • Early societies in the Americas lacked clear political structure and specialization of labor because, unlike their counterparts in the Eastern Hemisphere, they did not domesticate animals. • Societies in the two hemispheres had similar technological advancements and agricultural techniques because the Western Hemisphere was populated by migrants from Asia.
4. Which Chinese dynasty is represented in the map above? Shang Zhou Qin Han Song
5. The Neolithic Age is characterized by: • The use of stone tools. • The origins of agriculture. • The end of pastoralism. • The use of fire to prepare food. • The use of clay pots.
6. All of the following are characteristics of the Mandate of Heaven EXCEPT: • The monarch was considered the “Son of Heaven”. • Rulers were expected to govern as wise and principled guardians of the people. • Corruption, violence, and arrogance were viewed as signs of divine displeasure. • Failure to abide by Confucian tenets legitimized changes in monarchs. • The Mandate of Heaven was the basis of the dynastic cycle that lasted thousands of years.
7. All of the following are true of the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta EXCEPT: • Sparta banned coins and commerce in an effort to maintain equality among its citizens. • The Spartan army was superior to all on land, while the Athenian navy could not be challenged at sea. • Spartan foreign policy was cautious and isolationist, and it tried to maintain peace through a system of alliances with its neighbors. • Athens implemented a limited democracy in which upper classes participated in an assembly. • Athens and Sparta battled each other for survival during the Peloponnesian War.
8. The society of the Persian Empire: • Lacked a clear social structure. • Extended equal rights to women. • Was patriarchal in nature. • Placed little value on warriors and the military. • Was centralized and homogeneous.
9. All of the following animals were domesticated in the Americas prior to 600 C.E. EXCEPT: • Llamas • Dogs • Guinea pigs • Turkeys • Donkeys
10) All of the following are similarities between Christianity and Buddhism EXCEPT: • Both arose as a response to existing belief systems. • Both were founded by an individual and based on his teachings. • Followers of both religions went through periods of persecution and oppression. • Both are based on a set of beliefs and actions that guide one’s life. • Early practitioners of both religions placed importance on the existence of a god.
11. What was the impact of the rise of civilization in Egypt and Mesopotamia? • Immigrants adopted the language, religion, and lifestyle of each civilization. • Women in Egypt and Mesopotamia earned a higher degree of respect and equality. • Egyptian and Mesopotamian rulers who were thought to have divine origins built large and lavish monuments to their power. • Population increased in Egypt and Mesopotamia, which strained the food supply and forced people back into the agricultural sector. • Technological advancements enabled Egyptians and Mesopotamians to control the flood patterns of their rivers and overcome nature.
12. Before 800 B.C.E. Indo-European steppe tribes were different from Chinese, Indian and Middle Eastern societies in which of the following ways? • Steppe societies were more likely to have built architectural monuments with religious symbolism. • Indo-European societies were ruled by oligarchies, while the other societies were governed by monarchies. • Indo-European tribes did not develop a common religion on which to base social bonds. • Chinese, Indian, and Middle Eastern societies formed permanent settlements with wealth based on land. • Chinese, Indian, and Middle Eastern societies were more concerned with expansionism than the Indo-Europeans.
13. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Confucianism? • The ethical system is primarily concerned with relationships. • Specific duties are tied to one’s status in society. • It prescribes the correct organization of the state to achieve the maximum benefits for the most members of society. • People are basically good and evil arises as a result of improper education. • Only those who are devout and lead moral lives will be saved.
14. Which of these was NOT an outcome of the Bronze Age? • Increased agricultural efficiency • The rise of an aristocratic military class. • The fall of centralized governments • Increased contact among different cultures • Additional outlets for artistic expression
15. In comparing the Han Dynasty with the Roman Empire, which of the following statements is NOT correct? • Both the Han Dynasty’s and Roman Empire’s economies suffered as a result of military spending. • While Rome was successful at spreading its culture across a wide area, the Han were unable to diffuse their culture to neighboring lands. • While both societies were run by centralized governments, Rome gave significant autonomy to local officials. • While the Chinese were able to re-establish their imperial empire, Rome was never restored to its former status. • A by-product of military expansion in both societies was cultural diffusion and increased trade.
16. Overt syncretism is an essential feature of which of these religions? • Legalism • Greek paganism • Christianity • Judaism • Confucianism
17. African good traded on the Trans-Saharan Route included: • Tea and cloth • Silver and gold • Salt and gold • Silk and salt • Spices and salt
18. Roman law was unique in which of the following ways? • It was the first set of laws written down for easy transmission. • It was arranged systematically for easy reference. • It was a combination of Roman law and foreign law. • It extended freedom of religions to everyone in the empire. • It codified the rights of slaves, servants and those accused of crimes.
19. The Neolithic Revolution was characterized by the: • Change from nomadic herding to settle farming. • Growth of iron tool making technology. • Migration of early peoples to the Americas. • Decline of the Roman Empire. • The development of written legal codes.
20. The foundation of ancient Indian civilization is best described by all of the following EXCEPT: • Reincarnation. • The Dao. • Caste. • Karma. • Hinduism.
21. Which of the following correctly outlines the order of hominid development? • Homo sapiens sapiens, Cro-Magnon, australopithecines, Homo habilis • Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Cro-Magnon, Homo sapiens sapiens • Cro-Magnon, australopithecines, Homo sapiens sapiens, Homo habilis • Homo habilis, Cro-Magnon, australopithecines, Homo sapiens sapiens • None of the above
22. How did the collapse of Han China resemble the Roman Empire’s loss of its European lands? • Both were later devoured by the Byzantine Empire. • Their leaders began to rely on astrology to guide their decision making. • Both fell as a result of depletion of natural resources. • Outside invaders contributed to the collapse of both empires. • Both collapse due to lack of technological innovation.
23. Which Asian religion was founded by Siddhartha Gautama? • Confucianism • Jainism • Hinduism • Eastern Orthodoxy • Buddhism
24. The Hindu concept of samsara is BEST described by which of the following statements? • A belief that the wicked are punished by everlasting torment after death. • A belief that one’s soul lives, dies, and is reborn many times, until it is pure enough to escape the cycle of rebirth. • A doctrine that justifies the caste system of India. • A declaration of non-belief in the old Vedic gods and goddesses. • A belief that all actions good and evil, have consequences in future lives to come.
25. Which of the following BEST encapsulates Confucian thought? • Political power is given to rulers by the gods; therefore, rulers may treat their people as they please. • Husbands and wives should share the responsibility for family leadership equally. • Social harmony is attained when superiors treat those below them with kindness, while inferiors respect those above them. • Only members of the aristocracy are capable of cultivating the qualities of etiquette and grace. • Society functions best when people are free to realize their individuality.
