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Engines with no gaseous emission

Motivation. Improved performance from inherently high-efficiency cyclesCarnot cycle: impractically high compression ratios for even realistic temperature rangesTwo cycles with Carnot efficiency: Stirling cycle (isochoric heat regeneration/isothermal expansion and compression) : also impractical

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Engines with no gaseous emission

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    1. Engines with no gaseous emission Fazle Hussain, Valery Zimin and Dhoorjaty Pradeep fhussain@uh.edu

    2. Motivation Improved performance from inherently high-efficiency cycles Carnot cycle: impractically high compression ratios for even realistic temperature ranges Two cycles with Carnot efficiency: Stirling cycle (isochoric heat regeneration/isothermal expansion and compression) : also impractical due to very high pressures Ericsson cycle (isobaric heat regeneration/isothermal expansion and compression) : modest pressure ratios deliver high efficiency; e.g. 87.5% with 2400 K.

    3. Alleviating Pollution Hydrocarbon combustion ? H20 + CO2 Chief problem: NOx Solution: combustion with pure Oxygen Advantages: No NOx Temperature restricted by materials alone Handling of exhausts far easier (a) lower mass flow rate (b) fewer chemical components Cost: Energy for air separation (not very large)

    4. Key features Applications: local power plants, large vehicles, ships

    5. Ericsson cycle

    6. Power plant schematics

    7. Two emisionless-engine designs: Vortex Engine: for low-grade fuels (e.g. biomass) Rotary Engine: for high-grade fuels (e.g. natural gas)

    9. Key components of rotary engine Air separator Isothermal liquid ring compressor Ceramic heat exchanger & expander High-temp isothermal combustor CO2 liquefier Water-spray cooler

    10. Liquid-ring compressor

    11. New combustor/expander

    12. Expander operation

    14. Power from combustion of 1kg/s CH4 at 87.5% thermodynamic efficiency: 43.75 MW Amount of O2 consumed: 4 kg/s Power consumed by N2 – O2 separator: 4 MW Losses due to leakage in expander (estimated at 0.6%): 0.26MW Loss due to heat flux through ceramic layers of expander (1.1%): 0.48MW Losses due to leakage in compressor (estimated at 1.2%): 0.53 MW Power consumed by CO2 liquefier (with recuperation) 0.15 MW Estimated losses in heat regenerator: 1.8 MW Other losses (frictional, incomplete combustion…): 0.85 MW Total available work: 35.68 MW Energy density of CH4 combustion: 50 MW Overall plant efficiency: 71.4 % Energy balance

    15. Experimental 10 kW set-up

    16. Summary

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