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AP GOVERNMENT

AP GOVERNMENT. MID-TERM REVIEW CHAPTERS 1-4 AND 7-16. Foundations. Framers of Constitution took their ideas from the following: 1- Locke; Hobbes; Rousseau; Montesquieu 4 Types of Gov’t: Monarchy; Totalitarianism; Oligarchy; Democracy (Direct & Indirect)

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AP GOVERNMENT

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  1. AP GOVERNMENT MID-TERM REVIEW CHAPTERS 1-4 AND 7-16

  2. Foundations • Framers of Constitution took their ideas from the following: • 1- Locke; Hobbes; Rousseau; Montesquieu • 4 Types of Gov’t: Monarchy; Totalitarianism; Oligarchy; Democracy (Direct & Indirect) • Political Ideology: Conservative; Liberal; Libertarian • Baby Boomers (46-64); Gen X (66-76); Gen Y (1977-1994)

  3. THE CONSTITUTION • Designed to protect property rights and provide control • British desire to manage F&I war debt leads America from being allies in 1763 to enemy in 1776 • Articles of Confederation to weak so need something else (Shay’s proves it) • The Compromises of 1787 and the Articles • Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Marbury and Article III

  4. FEDERALISM • Dual Sovereigns (state and federal) • Article IV: Full Faith & Credit; Privileges & Immunities; Interstate Compacts • Article VI: Supremacy Clause • John Marshall and the big 3 Federalist cases (Marbury; Gibbons; McCulloch) • Civil War starts the push for stronger central government • New Deal completes the change (layer cake to marble cake; cooperative federalism • LBJ and the Great Society • Reagan and the new federalism (block grants)

  5. STATE GOVERNMENTS • State Constitutions; Sovereignty; 11th Amendment • Gerrymandering • Governor’s Powers • Term Limits & Line item veto (states only) • Initiatives; Referendums; Recalls • Dillon’s rule • Balanced Budget Rule

  6. UNIT III – THE BRANCHES • Congress: Article 1- Section 8 • Congress: Rules and Qualifications • Committees: Standing (permanent); Joint (both houses); Conference (bill reconciliation); Select (temporary) • Agency oversight and review • Majority Party; Speaker; Rules committee • Pork and Log Rolling / Trustee & Delegate

  7. Key Terms: CBO; GAO; Hold; Fillibuster; Cloture • War and War Powers Act • Override Veto; Amendments • Constitutional Express and Implied Powers • Exclusive Powers • Senate: Treaty; Appointments; Judges • House: Appropriations (budget)

  8. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH – ARTICLE II • Requirements • Powers and limitations • Treaties vs. Executive Agreements • OMB • Agency heads and the power of appointment • Global leader and coalition builder • Executive Privilege (“Nixon”) • Inherent Powers (“Lincoln”) • Power of the Media (“Bully Pulpit”) • Enemy Combatant (“Bush”)

  9. THE JUDICIARY: ARTICLE III • Three tier system • Supreme Court sets its own docket • Jurisdiction can be limited by Congress • Original vs. Appellate Jurisdiction • Key Terms: Rule of 4; Certiorari; Precedent; Stare Decisis; Amicus Curie; Solicitor General; • Majority Opinion ; Concurring Opinion • Judicial Activism • Judicial Restraint

  10. Justices of some fame: • Marshall (Marbury; Gibbons; McCoulloch) • Justice Taney (Dred Scott) • Justice O’Connor (1st woman) • Justice Marshall (1st African-American) • Justice Rehnquist ( limiting executive privilege) • Justice Warren (rights of accused and Brown) • Justice Roberts (present Chief Justice)

  11. BUREAUCRACY : (AKA THE 4TH BRANCH) • Spoils System and Civil Service • ICC (end RR price fixing) • Hatch Act • 15 Cabinet Departments (plum books lists all) • The Iron Triangle (aka issue networks) • Congressional Oversight includes: Investigation, Power of the purse, Appointment, Enactment, and Abolishment • Administrative Discretion and Adjudication

  12. POLLING: • George Gallop • Political Socialization (family, peers, schools) • First predictor of how someone will vote is party affiliation & Second is religion • Key Terms: • Random Sampling • Quota Sampling • Stratified Sampling • Push Polls • Tracking Polls • Exit Polls • Filter Questions

  13. POLTICAL PARTIES • No actual membership required for parties just registration • Become popular with start of Jacksonian Age • Primaries have weakened the party bosses • Ticket splitting has become more popular • Power NOW flows from national to local because of the money factor • War Chests • Women traditionally favor Dems; Business men traditionally favor Republicans

  14. Primaries: (Closed and Open) • Partisan voting / Crossover voting • Winner take all / Front loading • Electoral College • Party Realignment and Critical Elections • Incumbent Advantages: Mailings; well known; constituent services; War chests • Motor voter Registration Act • Education and Wealth equal higher turnout

  15. CAMPAIGN PROCESS • Free vs. Paid media • McCain-Feingold (2002): Upheld 5-4 by Supreme Court. Goal is not fairness but to limit outside influences • Political Action Committee (PAC): Officially registered fund raising committee • Buckley v. Valeo (1976) : Supreme Ct. says no limit on $ candidate spends of his own • Hard money vs. Soft money • Express Ads vs. Issue Ads • 527 political committees: Unregulated interest groups focused on specific issue

  16. THE MEDIA • Press Release: The document • Press Briefing: Between Press Secy and Press • Press Conference: The official and the press • Yellow Journalism & Muckraking • Impact of Watergate • Defamation (2 kinds: Slander and Libel) • Sullivan Case (actual malice) • Shield Laws • Prior Restraint • Equal time rule if selling time • Fairness Doctrine • Liberal Bias?

  17. INTEREST GROUPS • Purpose is to gain access and input • Lobbyist is a representative hired by an interest group to push their particular agenda • 3 Big economic interest groups are trade associations (ABA); Labor (UAW); Farmers • Largest today are Gun Lobby (nra) and Abortion Groups • Clayton Act (1914) allowed unions to organize an industry and thus led to increased power • Key input is on specialized knowledge and technical expertise • Growth of PACs and 527’s have changed political campaigning forever.

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