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Botany Handbook for Florida

Botany Handbook for Florida. Master Gardener Training Instructor: Ann McMullian Indian River State College. Plant Names. Nomenclature. Plant nomenclature (use of scientific names) Common name vs. Scientific name (botanical name).

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Botany Handbook for Florida

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  1. Botany Handbook for Florida Master Gardener Training Instructor: Ann McMullian Indian River State College

  2. Plant Names Nomenclature

  3. Plant nomenclature (use of scientific names)Common name vs. Scientific name (botanical name)

  4. Common names are more widely used because they are easier to pronounce and remember. Common names only have value if both persons know exactly which plant is being discussed. This only happens when people are from the same area or community.

  5. Hortus third list 27 plants named “Jasmine”

  6. To prevent confusion it is recommended to use both the scientific and common name.

  7. Each plant has a scientific name.Example: Magnolia grandifloraThe two-word (binomial) scientific name is made up off:Genus + specific epithet = Species

  8. Magnolia grandiflora↑The specific epithet describes a characteristic of the plant.The scientific name is italicized or underlined.The Genus is capitalized. The specific epithet is not capitalized.

  9. Examples of species: Citrus sinensis

  10. Examples of species: Magnolia grandiflora

  11. Examples of species: Tulbagia violacia

  12. The Plant World(Plant Classification)

  13. Classification • Plant Kingdom • Lichens and mosses (no leaves, roots, etc) • Ferns (no flower with seeds, spores instead) • Seed producing plants • Gymnospermae (Gymnosperm) • Angiospermae (Angiosperm)

  14. Plant Kingdom • Non-vascular (Bryophytes) • Vascular • Spore bearing (Pteridophyta) • Seed bearing (Spermatophyta or Spermopsida) • Gymnosperm (Cone bearing, naked seed) Examples: pines, podocarpus, ginkgo, cycads • Angiosperm (Non-cone bearing, covered seed) • Monocotyledon (grasses, grains, palms, lilies, onions) • Dicotyledon

  15. Gymnosperm Slash Pine

  16. GymnospermKing Sago

  17. Gymnosperm Juniper

  18. Gymnosperm- Podocarpus

  19. Gymnosperm( Zamia family)

  20. Angiosperm • Flowering Plants • Seed protected by Fruit • Two main groups (divisions): • Monocotyledoneae (Monocots) • Dicotyledoneae (Dicots)

  21. Monocots vs Dicots

  22. ROOTS SYSTEMS

  23. Root Functions: • anchor plant • support the stem • absorb and conduct water and minerals • store food

  24. Two types of roots: • - fibrous roots, highly branched, slender • - tap roots, main enlarged root.

  25. Water and Nutrient Uptake Water and nutrient uptake is done by millions of thin walled root hairs.

  26. Nutrient uptake Secondary roots  • Primary root Nutrient and water up take: Root hairs –> secondary root –> primary root –> stems and leaves.

  27. Some different type or roots: • Adventitious roots • Fleshy roots • Aerial roots • Knees ( pneumatophores)

  28. Adventitious Roots:Roots that do no originate off the primary root Prop roots

  29. Fleshy roots – food reserve Beets Turnip Carrot

  30. Aerial Roots Banyan Tree

  31. Aerial rootsSome aerial roots are fleshy and store water Philodendron

  32. Aerial roots on orchids

  33. Knees or Pneumatophores Mangrove Knees or pneumatophores enable plants to obtain air in swampy conditions Bald Cypress

  34. Stems Functions and Modifications

  35. Stems have nodes and buds

  36. Stem Types • Crowns – short inconspicuous • Simple – without branches • Branched • Climbing • Creeping • Rhizomes • Stolons

  37. CrownsShort inconspicuous stem Gerbera daisy Dandelion

  38. Simple StemStem without branches

  39. Food Storage in stems Asparagus Celery

  40. Many herbaceous perennials have some type of modified stems. • Examples of modified stems: • Rhizomes • Stolons • Tubers • Corms • Bulbs

  41. Rhizomes – the main stem of a plant, horizontal, underground. Ginger

  42. Tubers are modified stems that develop on under ground stems

  43. Corms are short, thickened, underground stems.

  44. Gladiola Corms

  45. Bulbs are short, thickened, underground stem with thick storage leaves making up the bulk.

  46. Stolons or runners

  47. Leaf and Stem Arrangement A stem has nodes and internodes. Nodes are where leaves or buds are attached.

  48. Leaf arrangement: • alternate • opposite • whorled

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