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Macro factors Policies (e.g., agricultural, land use) Govt. investment (e.g., education, malaria control) Engineering projects (e.g., dam building, road construction). Malaria (Prevalence ). Geographical factors Climate (rainfall, temp) Types of malaria parasites and vectors
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Macro factors • Policies (e.g., agricultural, land use) • Govt. investment (e.g., education, malaria control) • Engineering projects (e.g., dam building, road construction) Malaria (Prevalence ) • Geographical factors • Climate (rainfall, temp) • Types of malaria parasites and vectors • Local infrastructure (e.g., roads, markets) • Landscape features (e.g., elevation, distance to bodies of water) • Rural vs. urban areas • Indiv. & hhld. factors • Householder attributes • Attributes of other household members • Household composition • Use of malaria preventive measures • Housing conditions DUAL CAUSALITY Socioeconomic Status