课前热身体验

1. 高中英语第一、二册 第 4 讲 Units 7-8 Senior 1A 课前热身体验 课内重点操练

2. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 Ⅰ. 你能根据所提供的语境、中文提示或英文首字 母，完成句中单词的拼写吗？ 1. The match ended in a tie. 2. The old house should be rebuilt. 3. The new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in 1960. 4. The relics may be about ancient Rome. 5. Air travel has caused a revolution in our way of living.

3. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 6. This town ranks(排列；享有) high among beauty spots. 7. She had but a single(单一，唯一) thought, which was to escape. 8. I have completed(完成) a book. 9. These two countries have different cultures(文化). 10. A father has many responsibilities(责任).

4. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 Ⅱ. 你还记得它们的英语吗？ 1. 让步；投降 give in 2. 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏 in ruins 3. 使苏醒；使生动 bring…back to life 4. 拆毁，推倒 pull down 5. 设立，建立 set up 6. 代替，代表 stand for

5. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 7. 因为，由于 because of 8. 为……作准备 in preparation for 9. 以某人看来 in one’s opinion 10. 被袭击 under attack 11. 在某人的帮助下 with the help of sb 12. 在现代，在近代 in modern times

6. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 13. 改变主意 change one’s mind 14. 以……为基础 be based on… 15. 变成现实 come true 16. 每4年 every four years 17. 对……有影响 have effect on… 18. 在某人的一生中 during one’s lifetime 19. 参加 take part in 20. 尽力 try/do one’s best

7. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 Ⅲ. 试试你的翻译水平，好吗？(根据所给的汉语和英 文提示完成下列句子) 1. 它将被送往太空，以便发现它的人会知道我们是 谁。(so that) It will be sent into space so that anyone who finds it will understand who we are. 2. 也许并非都是这样，但是世界上许多大城市都建在 河岸边，这倒是千真万确。(it is true) Perhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.

8. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 3. 建筑物被毁坏，绘画和雕塑成为碎片，散落在地 上。(lay) Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground. 4. 在古老的绘画和相片的帮助下，圣彼得堡的人们能 够恢复他们文化和历史的美丽。(bring back) With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.

9. 第 4 讲 课前热身体验 5. 每个问题的分值为一分。(be worth) Each question is worth one point. 6. 许多运动项目和现在一样。(the same as) Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 7. 此后越来越多的国家参加了运动会。(join) After that more and more countries joined in the Games. 8. 过去妇女是不允许参加运动会的。(take part) Women were not allowed to take part in the games.

10. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 单词点睛 试一试，好吗？(改正下列各句中的错误) 1. The fog burned down as the sun came up. down改为off 2. You’d better weigh it in three times before taking action. in改为up 3. In the opinion to us, we should take it seriously. to改为of 4. Taking sports has a good affect on your health. affect改为effect 5. The bald eagle presents the United States. presents改为represents

11. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 6. Something worth doing should be finished in our lifetime. finished改为completed 7. The doctor’s report gave no excuse for alarm. excuse改为cause 8. The whole class is working hard preparing to the exams. to改为for 9. The United Kingdom contains Northern Ireland and Wales. contains改为includes 10. Five boys competed on the 100-metre dash. on改为in

12. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 【用法点拨】 1. burn vt. ［词 义］燃烧；烧毁；使烧焦，烧糊(过去式和过 去分词：-t, -t或-ed, -ed； 现在分词：-ing) ［必记搭配］burn with sth 有强烈的情感，渴望 burn one’s fingers/get one’s fingers burnt (尤指生意 上)没有先见之明蒙受损失，因不慎而吃亏 burn the midnight oil 熬夜，工作或学习到深夜

13. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［必掌握词组］ burn away 烧光，烧掉 burn down (常指建筑物等)(被)焚毁 burn off 烧掉；转晴，驱散云或雾 burn out 烧光，燃尽，熄灭 burn up 使烧得更旺；飞驰，飞奔 ［例］This type of coal does not burn very easily. 这种煤不容易烧着。 We burned up the motorway. 我们在高速公路上高速驾驶。

14. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 The building was burnt out and only the walls remained. 建筑物被烧光了，仅余四壁。 Put some more wood on the fire to make it burn up. 加点木柴，使火烧得更旺些。 高考示例［2006年·广东卷］ Do you smell something ? A. burned B. burning C. is burned D. is being burned 【答案】B

15. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 2. represent vt. ［词 义］代表；象征；表示；展现，描述(过去式 和过去分词： -ed， -ed；现在分词： -ing) ［派生词］representation n.表现；描述 representations n.陈述；抗议 representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 ［同/近义词］ stand for； resemble ［必记搭配］represent+ n. 代表某人/某团体 represent oneself to/as be+ n. 声称

16. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［例］She represented her fellow workers at the union meeting. 她在工会会议上代表她的同事。 The red lines on the map represent railways. 地图上的红线表示铁路。 You should represent your complaints to the management. 你们应该向管理阶层陈述你们的苦衷(不满)。 Are your opinions representative of those of the other students? 　　你的意见代表其他的学生吗？

17. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 3. include vt. & vi. ［词 义］包括，包含(过去式和过去分词: -d, -d;现 在分词: including) ［派生词］ included adj.包括在内的 including prep.包括……在内的 inclusion n.包括，包含 inclusive adj.包容广阔的，范围广范的

18. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［同/近义词］ contain ［必记搭配］ include sb out 别把……算在内 ［例］ Is service included in the bill? 账单中包括服务费吗？ Include me out! (= I don’t want to be included.) 别把我算进去！ All of us, me included (including me) will pay a visit to Mr Lee. 我们全体都要去看李先生，包括我在内。

19. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 The editor was against the inclusion of a gossip column in the newspaper. 那位编辑反对在报纸上添加漫谈栏目。 高考示例［2003年·安徽春招卷］ The result of accident is twenty people injured, eight killed. A. including B. included C. containing D. contained 【答案】A

20. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 4. cause n. & v. ［词 义］n.原因，起因 v. 使发生，导致(过去式和过去分词： -d，-d； 现在 分词： causing) ［派生词］causal adj.因果关系的 causally adv.因果关系地 causality n.因果关系，因果性 ［同/近义词］ reason, excuse ［必记搭配］cause sb sth 给某人添麻烦 cause sb to do 使得某人……

21. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［必掌握词组］ cause of …的原因 ［例］They denied that there was any causal connection/link between unemployment and crime. 他们不认为在失业和犯罪之间有任何因果关系。 In our view, the root cause/underlying cause of the crime problem is poverty and unemployment. 我们认为贫穷和失业是产生犯罪问题的根本原因。 The patient’s condition is giving cause for concern. 这个病人的状况令人担忧。 This car has caused me a lot of trouble. 这辆汽车已经给我惹了不少麻烦。

22. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 5. prepare vt. & vi. ［词 义］把……准备好，使……做好准备(过去式和 过去分词： -d，-d； 现在分词： -preparing) ［派生词］prepared adj.事先准备好的 preparation n.准备，预备；安排，筹备 preparatory adj.预备的，准备的 ［同/近义词组］ get ready for 为……做好准备

23. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［必掌握词组］prepare for 为……作准备 make preparations for 为……作准备 prepare sb/oneself for 作好思想准备 be prepared for为…… 做好准备/防范 ［例］Plans for the new school are now in preparation/being prepared. 建造新校舍的计划正在进行之中。 First prepare the rice by washing it, then cook it in boiling water. 首先把米洗好，然后放到开水中煮。

24. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 Will you help me prepare for the party? 帮我筹备这次聚会好吗？ Prepare yourself for a shock. 有件事会让你大吃一惊，你得作好思想准备。

25. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 6. effect n. & v. ［词 义］n.结果；影响;效果 v.使发生，实现，引起(过去式和过去分词：-ed,-ed； 现在分词 :-ing) ［派生词］effective adj.产生预期效果的，有效的 effectively adv.有效地；实际上，事实上 ［必掌握词组］cause and effect因果 come into effect 生效，开始实施 in effect 事实上，实际上 take effect 开始起作用，见效；生效，开始实施

26. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［例］The new system will take effect next May. 新制度将在明年5月开始实行。 Their efforts to improve the school have been very effective. 他们改善学校条件的努力很有成效。 Chances of a settlement were effectively wrecked by this announcement. 和解的机会事实上被这项声明破坏了。

27. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 高考示例［2001年·全国卷］ One of the bad of smoking is a waste of money. A. effect B. affect C. cause D. reason 【答案】A 7. opinion n. ［词 义］意见，看法 ［必记搭配］opinion of/about …… 的主张，看法 ［必掌握词组］a matter of opinion 看法上的问题

28. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 have a good/high/bad/low opinion of 评价很好/很糟 in one’s opinion = in the opinion of sb 依某人的观点看来 ［例］They have a very high opinion of his work. 他们对他的工作评价很高。 What’s your opinion of this wine? 你认为这酒怎么 样？ It’s my considered opinion that he is a liar and a cheat. 我经过仔细考虑，认为他是个说谎的家伙，一个骗子。

29. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 8. complete adj. & vt. ［词 义］ adj.全部的；完全的，彻底的 vt.完成，结束；使完整,使完美(过去式和过去分词： -d, -d； 现在分词： completing) ［同义词］ finish ［派生词］ completely adv.完全地，彻底地 completion n.完成，结束 completeness n.完整，完备，完全

30. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［必掌握词组］ complete with 备有……的，包括 ［例］ John’s birthday did not seem complete without his father there. 没有他父亲在场，约翰的生日似乎不够完美。 We bought the house complete with furniture. 我们买了一套备有全部家具的房子。 She has just completed an 18-month jail sentence. 　　她刚服完了18个月的刑期。

31. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 高考示例［2000年·全国卷］ I need one more stamp before my collection. A. completed B. is completed C. is completing D. completes 【答案】B

32. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 9. weigh vt. ［词 义］重，重量有……；权衡(过去式和过去分 词：-ed, -ed； 现在分词：-ing) ［派生词］ weight n.重量，分量 weightless adj.无重量的，失重的 weighty adj.重的，沉重的 weightily adv.有重量地，沉重地 ［必记搭配］weigh sth against sth 权衡，斟酌 weigh against sb/ sth 对……有影响，有分量

33. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［必掌握词组］weigh down 压得……难以移动，压 弯 weigh out 称出(一定重量的东西) weigh up 形成对……的看法，品评 ［例］She weighed the ideas in her mind. 她在心中盘算着这些主意。 The decision weighed heavily against us. 这项决议对我们极为不利。

34. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 You have to weigh the costs of the new system against the benefits it will bring. 你在衡量这种系统所带来的好处时，必须考虑到其费 用。 The branches of the trees were weighed down by snow. 树枝被雪压弯了。

35. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 短语储存 试一试，好吗？(根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择 恰当的词组填入相关的句中)

36. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 1. With the help of Mr Wang, we finished our task ahead of time. 2. Science theories are based on practice. 3. After the war, the whole city was in ruins. 4. His dream that he wants to be a music teacher has come true at last. 5. All the work in this factory is done by hand, though we are in modern times. 6. In our school sports meeting, there are over 3,000 athletes taking part in about one hundred items.

37. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 7. We went to visit the Great Wall every four years. 8. He promised to buy a new laptop for me, but he changed his mind yesterday afternoon. 9. All the volunteers are busy learning English in preparation for 2008 Olympics in Beijing. 10. We are proud of our Chinese people, because of their hard work. 11. Radiation of nuclear has long, bad effect on the further generations in these areas. 12. Next year a new lab building will be set up where there used to be our dormitory.

38. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 短语串联 1. 依某人的观点/看法in one’s opinion ［联 想］整齐地in order 吃惊地 in surprise 看得见 in sight 安静地 in silence 根据某人的观点 in one’s view 总共，总计 in all 总的说来 all in all 进进出出 in and out 及时 in time 决不 in no way

39. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 2. 代表，象征 stand for ［联 想］站到一边 stand aside 袖手旁观 stand by 显眼，引人注目 stand out 站立；支持 stand up 高考示例［2006年·湖南卷］ He is the only student who our class to give a lecture. A. replaces B. represents C. stands for D. takes place of 【答案】B

40. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 3. 实践梦想 live one’s dream ［联 想］分居 live apart 靠……维持生活 live by 为……而活 live for 靠吃……而生活 live on 经历 live through 4. 受到袭击 under attack ［联 想］在考虑之中 under consideration 在讨论之中 under discussion 在建设中 under construction 被怀疑 under suspicion

41. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 5. 因为，由于 because of ［联 想］因为，由于 due to 由于，幸亏 thanks to 由于，因为 owing to 6. 宁愿……而不愿 would rather ［联 想］宁愿……而不愿 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿，喜欢 would like to do 宁愿，喜欢 would love to do 最好 had better do

42. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 高考示例［2002年·北京春招卷］ I’d rather he me about it. A. told B. have told C. had told D. tell 【答案】C

43. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 句型透视 试一试，好吗？(根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子) 1. 无风不起浪。 Where there is a fire, there is a smoke. 2. 我们会尽力帮你的。 We’ll do what we can to help you.

44. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 3. 又饿又累，那个可怜的小女孩在寒冷的街上睡着 了。 Hungry and tired，the poor girl fell asleep in the cold street. 4. 据说他在国外深造过。 It is said that he once studied abroad. 5. 如今人们穿的衣服和许多年前的一样。 Nowadays the clothes people wear are the same as they were years ago.

45. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 【用法点拨】 1. Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就会有城市。 ［例］ Where there is a light, there is a hope. 有光之处必有希望。 ［联 想］难点在于由where引导的地点状语从句和 定语从句的区别。 The school building were set up where there once was our dormitory. 　　教学楼建在了曾经是我们宿舍的地方。从整个句子的 结构看，where引导的从句在句中作状语，即状语从句。

46. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 This is our school where my father once worked. 这是我们的学校，我父亲曾在这儿工作过。 通过分析句子成分可以看出，从句是my father once worked，它和主句中our school之间的关系是一种限定和 被限定的关系，所以引导的是定语从句。 高考示例［2000年·上海卷］ She found her calculator she lost it. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 【答案】A

47. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 2. We will not let our history…, and we will do every thing we can to save our city. 我们不会让我们的历史……,我们会千方百计拯救我 们的城市。 do everything…can to… 表示“尽最大的努力去 做……”，后面的to do sth表示目的。 ［例］Their parents did everything they could to send them to college. 　　他们的父母尽最大的努力供他们上大学。

48. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［同义句型］ do what sb can to do… do all ( that ) one can to do… do everything ( that ) one can to do… ［联 想］ do one’s best to do try one’s best to do go all out to do 尽力去做 try/do one’s utmost to do 尽全力去做

49. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 3. Strong, proud and united, the people of St Peters- burg are the modern heroes of Russia. 　　圣彼得堡的人民坚强、自豪、团结，他们是当代的俄 罗斯英雄。 该句型中的形容词是用于说明句子主语的状态、特 征、性质、品质等，并不必改作副词。在使用时一定要认 真辨别。

50. 第 4 讲 课内重点操练 ［例］ Hungry and tired, Father walked back home from work.父亲下班走回家时，又饿又累。 The little girl went to sleep at last, cold and frightened. 小女孩最终在寒冷和恐惧中睡着了。 United, we can make it. 联合起来，我们就能胜利。(此时的分词表示条件，相 当于一个条件状语从句) (= If we are united, we can…)