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Unit 2 Animal Nutrition

Unit 2 Animal Nutrition. 2.1 Nutrition. What you need to be able to do: Define nutrition. Starter. energy, growth, repair. What is nutrition for? Definition:.

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Unit 2 Animal Nutrition

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  1. Unit 2 Animal Nutrition

  2. 2.1 Nutrition What you need to be able to do: • Define nutrition

  3. Starter energy, growth, repair What is nutrition for? Definition: The taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them What is an organic substance? Substances containing carbon

  4. 2.2 Nutrients What you need to be able to do: • List the chemical elements which make up carbohydrates, fats and proteins • Describe the synthesis of large molecules from smaller basic units • Describe tests for starch, reducing sugars, protein and fats

  5. Starter Define these terms: Atom Element Molecules Watch Brainpop "Metabolism" the basic unit of a chemical element the simplest chemical substances made of only one type of atom two or more atoms bonded together

  6. In the body there are many chemical reactions that together = metabolism Anabolic reactions - build up (body builders take anabolic steroids) + energy Catabolic reactions - break down + energy Can you think of examples?

  7. Metabolism Anabolic Catabolic

  8. Review Watch BrainPop "Metabolism"

  9. Biological Molecules The main nutrients in foods are all polymers Look at the pictures on the following page Can you define the word polymer?

  10. Biological Molecules Polymer = large molecule made up of smaller units ( called monomers) bonded together

  11. Elements of Food Starch is a polymer made from glucose monomers Starch and glucose are carbohydrates Formula for glucose? What elements does it contain? "hydrated carbon" = carbon with water C6H12O6 Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

  12. Elements of Food Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers My favourite amino acid, phenylalanine has this formula: C9H11NO2 What elements do amino acids contain? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

  13. Elements of Food What about fats? Polymers made from fatty acids and glycerol Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

  14. Tasks Watch BrainPop "Body Chemistry" Answer the questions on the video in your booklet

  15. Review All foods are made out of chemicals. Would you eat these for breakfast? Try and identify the foods. There is a clue on the next slide if you need it!

  16. Review Would you eat this for breakfast? Guess the food from the labels!

  17. 2.2 Nutrients What you need to be able to do: • List the chemical elements which make up carbohydrates, fats and proteins • Describe the synthesis of large molecules from smaller basic units • Describe tests for starch, reducing sugars, protein and fats

  18. Food Tests • Chemical tests for the main nutrients in foods • Starch, sugar, proteins and fats • Carry out tests on standard solutions to identify positive results • Use this knowledge to identify which biological molecules are found in different foods.

  19. Starter Can you remember the tests for the four major food groups? Have a go at this key stage 3 review activity: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/organisms_behaviour_health/food_detective/activity/

  20. Test for Starch Iodine in potassium iodide solution Colour change Iodine, Inky orange/brown to blue black

  21. Test for reducing sugar (glucose) Blue, Benedict's, Boil Benedict's solution Colour change least most blue to greento orange to red

  22. Test for Proteins Biuret reagent Colour change Protein, Purple blue to mauve

  23. Test for Lipids (fats and oils) Ethanol Fats dissolve in ethanol but are insoluble in water Colour change emulsion (droplets of fat suspended in water) Colourless to white emulsion

  24. 2.2 Nutrients What you need to be able to do: • List the sources of, and describe the importance of:carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins C and D, mineral salts calcium and iron, fibre (roughage) and water • Describe the deficiency symptoms for vitamins C and D and mineral salts calcium and iron

  25. Starter Watch BrainPop "Nutrition"

  26. Tasks Complete the table in your booklet

  27. Carbohydrates Protein Lipids Fibre Vitamins Minerals Water

  28. 2.2 Nutrients What you need to be able to do: • List the sources of, and describe the importance of:carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins C and D, mineral salts calcium and iron, fibre (roughage) and water • Describe the deficiency symptoms for vitamins C and D and mineral salts calcium and iron

  29. 2.3 Diet What you need to be able to do: • State what is meant by the term balanced diet and describe a balanced diet related to the age, sex and activity of an individual • Describe the effects of malnutrition in relation to starvation, coronary heart disease, constipation and obesity

  30. Deficiency Diseases and Malnutrition Deficiency Malnutrition Can be too little or too much of one or more of the components of a balanced diet lack of something the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients

  31. Starter Watch BrainPop "Obesity"

  32. Obesity • Too much fat/sugar • Heart problems • Atherosclerosis • Diabetes

  33. Kwashiorkor • Lack of protein in diet • Wasted muscle, enlarged liver • Flaky skin and thinning hair

  34. Scurvy • Lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) • Citrus fruits • Weakness • Pale flaky skin • Bleeding gums • Tooth loss • Poor healing

  35. Anaemia • Lack of iron • Tiredness • Shortage of breath • Pale skin • Spoon shaped nails • Fewer red blood cells

  36. Rickets • Lack of vitamin D and calcium • More common in cold countries (lack of sunlight) • "bow" legs

  37. Tooth Decay • Too much sugar • Lack of dental hygiene • Bacteria produce acid

  38. Constipation • Lack of fibre • Inability to defecate

  39. Dehydration • Lack of water • Headaches • Thirst • Dry mouth

  40. Tasks Complete the table in your booklet Review Try past paper question 1.

  41. 2.3 Diet What you need to be able to do: • State what is meant by the term balanced diet and describe a balanced diet related to the age, sex and activity of an individual • Describe the effects of malnutrition in relation to starvation, coronary heart disease, constipation and obesity

  42. Starter What is a balanced diet? List the 7 components of a healthy balanced diet: A balanced diet must contain the nutrients needed by the body in the correct proportions. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water

  43. Watch this

  44. Balanced Diet As a general rule, every day it’s considered a good idea to: • drink 8 glasses of water • eat 6 portions of cereal and starchy carbohydrates • eat 3-5 servings of vegetables • eat 2-4 portions of fruit • have 2 servings of dairy products • have 2 portions of meat, fish or vegetarian alternative • limit the amount of fats, oils, sugar and salt eaten Different people may have different nutritional needs based on age and lifestyle.

  45. What extra nutrients would these people need and why? 1. Bodybuilder? 2. Growing child? 3. Marathon runner? 4. Teenage girl? 5. Pregnant woman?

  46. How much energy is in food?

  47. Diagram/Method

  48. Calculation To calculate energy released use this formula: m = mass of water heated (g) 1ml of water has a mass of 1g c = 4.2 Jg-1oC (specific heat capacity of water) ∆T = temperature rise (oC)

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