POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

1. POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JESUS LR MATEO Assistant Secretary for Planning and Development

2. Policy review towards achieving education outcomes DepEd POLICY REGIME (Output) POLICY REVIEW (Input) EDUCATION OUTCOMES Diffused policies Policy Framework Policy process Ad hoc formulation/adoption Formulation – style guide Clearing house - Board sub-committee Policy Gaps Policy Instruments No policy De facto policies Incomplete, unclear or conflicting policies Specific issuances Classification Manual/Compendium

3. The New Policy DepEd Order No. 13, s.2015 Issued on April 13, 2015 “Establishment of a Policy Development Process at the Department of Education” Evidence-Based Policy Making

4. Evidence-Based Policy Making An approach that ‘helps people make well informed decisions about policies, programmes and projects by putting the best available evidence from research at the heart of policy development and implementation’(Davies, 2004: 3).

5. Features of the new policy • Provides mechanisms and procedures for the formulation, adoption and review of polices • Serves as guide for DepEd CO and its stakeholders in developing and issuing policies • Is based on the policy cycle which promotes evidence-based and participatory approach • Defines system for tracking of compliance to policy • Establishes system for periodic review of policy implementation • Adheres to common format and style • Supported by an interactive and DepEd Website for easy search and download

6. DepEd implementers undertake activities to carry out policyProponent unit undertakes progress monitoringPRD undertakes policy compliance monitoring Policy Development Process Repeal of policy Policy amendment Policy amendment Policy continuation Policy continuation Policy continuation Policy continuation Proponent unit, in coordination with PRD, conducts policy evaluation Proponent unit conducts policy analysisPRD* reviews contents of draft DOExeCom reviews draft policyPD-PAS** reviews language and style of draft DO Formal or informalInitiated within or outside DepEd Secretary approves/signs DOPD-PAS** assigns number and publishes signed DOUploads signed DO to the DepEd website based on appropriate category POLICYADOPTION POLICYFORMULATION POLICYIMPLEMENTATION AGENDASETTING POLICYREVIEW POLICY POLICY OUTPUTS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY AGENDA POLICIES *Policy Research and Development Division under the Planning Service (PRD-PS) **Publications Division under the Public Affairs Service (PD-PAS)

7. Emerging policy Agenda Curriculum & Instruction Finance Learning Environment Human Resource Mgt & Dev’t Policy Area Initial Policy Agenda • Instruction and Pedagogy • Assessment • Learning Materials • Programs Governance, Ops & Admin • Establishment , renaming, merging of schools • Service Standards • School-Based Management • School Facilities • School Sites • Community environment • Recruitment, selection, hiring and promotion • Performance Management and incentives • Career and Professional Development of employees • Fiscal administration • Budget allocation, expenditures • Salaries, allowances, benefits of teachers and personnel

8. OFFICE RELATIONSHIPS DECISIONS/ POLICIES/ THRUSTS SUPPORT OFFICES SUPPORT SERVICES CORE SERVICES OUTCOMES Standards HR Standards BEA OPS BHROD OSEC Curriculum & Instruction Research & Studies Cur. Policy IAS Graduates prepared for further education and world of work Training Standards • Governance & • Operations BCD Hiring Incentives Promotions Legal and Legislative Affaits Cur. Standards Teacher Welfare ICTS AS Effective Delivery of Curriculum BLD ICT Standards Finance and Administration Service Standards Student Support Programs Strategic Management Training NEAP DRRMS Accessible and Quality Education For All Learner Welfare Standards BLSS Finance Standards Attached Agencies NM NCCT NBDB PHSA Learning Mats LS FMS PMS M & E BLR Cash Sched Procurement Coordinating Councils LCC TEC ECCDC Projects Good Public Perception PAS PS Press Releases, Media Relations MOU/MOA, Bilateral EAS Partnerships

9. Role Application, example

10. Policy Approval Process Proponent defines the policy issue/problem Proponent writes the proposed policy issuance and submits to PRD with complete CSW Proponent conducts consultation with relevant offices PRD conducts review and rapid policy analysis Preparation Returns the draft policy issuance with comments and recommendation to the proponent for revision Pass No No Yes PAS-PD publishes the newly approved policy Secretary of Education approves the policy issuance EXECOM en banc deliberates on the proposed policy issuance PRD endorses the proposed policy issuance to EXECOM for Deliberation Yes Approved? Approval Implementing Office and PRD submits periodic reports on the progress of policy implementation DepEd implements the new policy Implementing Office collaboration with PRD conducts periodic M&E Implementationand M&E

11. DepEd Issuances

13. 13 Elements of a DepEd Order

14. Back up OPS-PPD

15. What is Evidence? • Expert knowledge; • Published research; • Existing research; • Stakeholder consultations; • Previous policy evaluations; • The internet; • Outcomes from consultations; • Costings of policy options; • Output from economic and statistical modelling’ Source: Cabinet Office, 1999

16. Factors influencing policymaking in Government Expertise & Experience Pragmatics & Contingencies Judgement Evidence Lobbyist & pressure groups Resources Habits and Tradition Values Source: Davies (2004)

17. If complete, check the policy proposal summary and check if each required elements are properly accomplished. If incomplete, immediately return the documents to the proponents with detailed notes and observation. Upon Receipt of draft policy issuance, check if the required annexes are complete and all the required forms are substantially accomplished Completeness Rapid Policy Analysis Note all observations on substance, language and style and include it in the detailed feedback to the proponent. Check if the proposed policy is appropriately prepared, check if pre-requisite activities like consultation was undertaken. Focus on the main problem being address by the proposed policy. Check if the problem is evident or if there are existing policies that addresses directly and indirectly the stated problem. Substance Do an in-depth policy research to substantiate the observations. Wait for the proponent to re-submit the policy proposal, make follow ups when necessary. • If incomplete, requiring revision, does not follow the basic steps, and other observations, return the policy proposal to the proponent detailing the observations, suggestions and recommendations • If the proposed policy is well written and needs no revision, endorse the documents to PD-PAS for styling and language review. Once returned by PD-PS, prepare the endorsement letter to ExeCom for approval. Recommendation

18. Priority Policy Gaps

19. Steps in Policy Analysis Identification of policy options Identification and verification of the problem Identification of criteria for an appropriate policy that will address the identified problem Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the recommended policy Comparing and contrasting the policy options. Identification of recommended policy

20. Dynamics of Evidence-based Policy Opinion-Based Policy Evidence-Based Policy Increasing pressure (Time) Source: Adapted from Gray (1997)