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Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins. paracrine substances (cell to cell communication) very potent in small quantities regulate cellular responses to hormones can activate or inhibit adenylate cyclase/ activate cAMP production wide variety of functions. 13-10. Major Endocrine Glands. 13-13.

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Prostaglandins

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  1. Prostaglandins • paracrine substances (cell to cell communication) • very potent in small quantities • regulate cellular responses to hormones • can activate or inhibit adenylate cyclase/ activate cAMP • production • wide variety of functions 13-10

  2. Major Endocrine Glands 13-13

  3. Pituitary GlandHypophysis • Two distinct portions • anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) (adeno=glandular) • posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) (neuro=neural) 13-14

  4. Pituitary Gland Control • Hypothalamic releasing hormones stimulate cells of anterior pituitary to release hormones • Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are created in the hypothalamus 13-15

  5. Anterior Pituitary Hormones • H = Growth Hormone (GH) • Target = affects all cells, epiphyseal plate, skeletal muscles • Actions 1. stimulates increase in size and rate of body cell division • 2. enhances movement of amino acids through membranes; increases protein synthesis • 3. promotes growth of long bones at epiphyseal plates 13-17

  6. Dwarfism

  7. Gigantism

  8. Acromeglia

  9. Anterior Pituitary Hormones H=Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Target= thyroid Action = stimulates the thyroid to make and release thyroid hormone (T3 , T4) H = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) adreno = gland cortico = cortex; outside tropic = target Target = adrenal cortex Action = stimulates corticosteroid release from adrenal cortex to help body resist stress

  10. Anterior Pituitary Hormones H = Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Target = Female Follicle; egg maturation in ovary; release of estrogen Male  sperm production in tubes of testes Action = primary function is to stimulate gamete formation > also helps with release of estrogen and testosterone H = Luteinizing Hormone (LH)(Female) Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)(Male) Target = ovaries and testes (the interstitial cells) Action = stimulates ovulation in the ovary; ovulation causes release of progesterone =production of testosterone in testes 13-19

  11. Anterior Pituitary Hormones H= Prolactin (PRL) Target = primary target is mammary gland/breast Action = stimulates milk production in female, enhances effects of ICSH in males

  12. Posterior Pituitary Hormones H = Oxytocin (OT) Target = uterus wall (smooth muscle) and breast area around nipple -- no known function in men Action = causes strong uterine contractions during birth; release of milk from nipples H = Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Target = kidney Action = instruct kidneys to pull water out and place it in the blood 13-20

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