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IP Mobility Management: Key Technologies and Latest Standards

Learn about network-based IP mobility support, dual-stack support, mobility optimization, and new trends in IP mobility management. Stay updated with the latest developments in the field.

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IP Mobility Management: Key Technologies and Latest Standards

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  1. IP Mobility Management - 핵심 기술 및 최신 표준 동향 - Youn-Hee Han yhhan@kut.ac.kr Korea University of Technology and EducationLaboratory of Intelligent Networks http://link.kut.ac.kr 2009.08 VoIP Forum 2009 Summer Workshop

  2. Outline • Network-based IP Mobility Support • Dual-Stack Support in Network-based IP Mobility • Network-based Mobility Optimization • New Issues and Summary VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  3. Network-based IP Mobility Support VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  4. Recent Trend of IP Mobility • Network-based! • No change to host • Mobility handled by the network, often transparent to the host • IETF’s much activities • Working Groups • NetLMM (Proxy Mobile IP), NetExt, Mext, Mipshop, Mif, Mip4 • BoF • NetExt2 • 3GPP/PP2 and WiMAX operators are now showing their STRONG interests for network-based IP mobility solution VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  5. Why Network-based? • Host-based IP Mobility (CMIPv4/v6) has not been widely deployed due to several factors • Implementation issues • IPsec and IKEv1 • Deployment issues • no cohesive mobility architecture • Negligible deployment of IPv6 • Operational issues • Layer 3 signalling via radio link • Layer 8 issues (Financial/Human/Political/FUD/…) • Many operators elected to create their own protocols (eg. GTP), or • They picked other IETF mobility protocols (Proxy MIP etc.) • Money! VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  6. Why Network-based? • Operators are even now deploying their non-standardized network-based IP mobility solution • [CMIPv6’s Problems] • 1) Too heavy specification to be implemented at a small terminal • - RFC 3344 (MIPv4): 99 pages • - RFC 3775 (MIPv6): 165 pages • 2) Battery problem • 3) Waste of air resource No Stable MIPv4/v6 stack executed in Microsoft Windows OS No changes to the client devices or the underlying infrastructure are required VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  7. Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) • Proxy Mobile IPv6 [IETF RFC 5213, August 2008] LMA: Localized Mobility AgentMAG: Mobile Access Gateway IP Tunnel IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG LMA Home Network MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point) MAG LMA Address (LMAA) That will be the tunnel entry-point LMM (Localized Mobility Management)Domain MAG movement Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA) Control messages exchanged by MAG to LMA to establish a binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:2:/64 MN’ Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA) The address of MAG That will be the tunnel end-point VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  8. PMIPv6 Operation Flow PBU: Proxy Binding UpdatePBA: Proxy Binding Ack. • RA*: MN의 Prefix를 Policy Store에서 수신한 경우의 Router Advertisement • RA**: MN의 Prefix를 LMA에서 수신한 경우의 Router Advertisement MN MAG AAA&Policy Store LMA CN MN Attachment AAA Query with MN-ID AAA Reply with Profile RA* PBU with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix option, Timestamp option PBA with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix option RA** Tunnel Setup Optional DHCP Server DHCP Request DHCP Request DHCP Response DHCP Response [MN-HoA:CN](data) [Proxy-CoA:LMAA][MN-HoA:CN](data) [MN-HoA:CN](data) VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  9. PMIPv6 Features • Home in Any Place • MAG sends the RA (Router Advertisement) messages advertising MN’s home network prefix and other parameters • MAG will emulate the home link on its access link. • RA Unicast • RA should be UNICASTed to an MN • It will contain MN’s Home Network Prefix • Per-MN Prefix • Any MN is just a IPv6 host • Any MN is just a IPv6 host with its protocol operation consistent with the base IPv6 specification. • M:1 Tunnel • LMA-MAG tunnel is a shared tunnel among many MNs. • One tunnel is associated to multiple MNs’ Binding Caches. VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  10. DNS HA or LMA NMS IP Network Internet AAA/Policy Store E R E R ACR/MAG L2 Switch BS/RAS PSS ACR ACR PMIPv6 over WiBro/WiMAX • Proxy Mobile IPv6 over WiBro/WiMAX TTA 단체표준, “와이브로에서의 프록시 모바일 IPv6 적용,”TTAK.KO-10.0284, Dec. 2008 "WiMAX Forum Network Architecture (Stage 3: Detailed Protocols and Procedures) Release 1 Version 1.2.3“, Jul 2008. PreviousMAG PreviousMAG VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  11. PMIPv4 over WiMAX • In Split PMA (Proxy Mobility Agent  MAG & FA) Model “WiMAX Forum/3GPP2 Proxy Mobile IPv4,” IETF Internet Draft - draft-leung-mip4-proxy-mode-10.txt VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  12. PMIPv6 in 3GPP LTE/EPC Proxy Mobile IPv6 over LTE AAA/Policy Server Ref.] I. Guardini et al., “Mobile IPv6 deployment opportunities in next generation 3GPP networks,” 16th IST Mobile&Wireless Communication Summit, Budapest, Hungary 1-5, July 2007 GTP-U Tunnel IP-in-IP Tunnel UE eNodeB S-GW/(MAG) P-GW/LMA P-GW: access gateway towards Packet Data Networks (similar to the GGSN) Optional! - PMIPv6 will be mainly used for inter-system handovers (i.e. handovers between 3GPP and non-3GPP accesses) VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  13. PMIPv6 in 3GPP LTE/EPC • Proxy Mobile IPv6 over LTE • Vertical handover scenario LMA LMA VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  14. Dual-Stack Support in Network-based IP Mobility VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  15. Current Solutions & Problems • Current (Bad) Solutions in Host-based MIPv6 Two IP Mobility Stacks • MN • Mobile IPv4 (RFC3344) & Mobile IPv6 (RFC3775)을동시에구현 • HA • Mobile IPv4 & Mobile IPv6 각각에 대한 HA를 운영 • Problems • IPv4IPv6 (or IPv4IPv6) 망간 이동시 세션 유지 불가능 • 구현(Implementation)의 어려움 • 두 개의 프로토콜을 동시에 구현  단말 및 장비의 단가 향상 • 운영(Operation)의 어려움 • 비효율적인 이동성 관리 • 네트워크 시그널 메시지의 오버헤드 • So… alterative Solution: • DS (Dual-Stack)-MIPv6: RFC 5555 VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  16. DS-MIPv6 Goal & Design Principle • 설계목표 • IPv4 및 IPv6 이동성을 위하여 하나의 통합된 이동성 관리 프로토콜 설계 • Mobile IPv6를 확장하여 다음두 가지를 만족한다. • IPv4 Transport Network Support • IPv4 Home Address Mobility • 설계원칙 • MN은 IPv4 HoA/CoA 및 IPv6 HoA/CoA 에 대한 바인딩 정보를 함께 HA에 등록을 한다. • 임의의 IPv4 or IPv6 or IPv4/v6 Dual 네트워크로 이동하더라도IPv4 orIPv6 패킷을 받을 수 있도록 한다. VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  17. WiBro IP Network Cellular IP network Dual Stack Support in PMIPv6 • Dual-Stack Support in Proxy MIPv6 • draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-14.txt (July 2009) • PMIPv6 기반 IPv4 Transport 지원 + IPv4 Home Address Mobility 지원 • DS-MIPv6와 같은 설계 목표와 원칙 • DS-PMIPv6가 고려하는 시나리오 IPv4 Application(VoD, IP-Phone…) RAS DS-PMIPv6LMA MN IPv4 DS-PMIPv6MAG IPv4 LTE BS IPv6 WLANIP Network IPv6 NAT Private IPv4 AAA WLAN AP IPv6 Application(VoD, IP-Phone…) VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  18. DS(Dual Stack)-PMIPv6 • PMIPv6’s Dual-Stack Support [Mobility Binding] HoAv4 and HoAv6 PBU (HoAv6, Proxy CoAv6, HoAv4) Proxy CoAv6 Dual Stack MNor IPv4 MN IPv4 traffic CNv4  HoAv4 IPv6 Tunnel (LMAAv6Proxy CoAv6) IPv6 traffic CNv6->HoAv6 Dual Stack MAG Only-IPv6 enabled (Proxy CoAv6) Dual Stack LMA Only-IPv6 enabled (LMMAv6) <MN in IPv6 domain> [Mobility Binding] HoAv4 and HoAv6 PBU (HoAv6, Proxy CoAv4, HoAv4) Dual Stack MNor IPv4 MN Proxy CoAv4 IPv4 traffic CNv4  HoAv4 IPv4 Tunnel (LMAAv4Proxy CoAv4) IPv6 traffic CNv6->HoAv6 Dual Stack MAG Only-IPv4 enabled (Proxy CoAv4) Dual Stack LMA Only-IPv4 enabled (LMAAv4) <MN in IPv4 domain> VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  19. DS(Dual Stack)-PMIPv6 • MAG와 LMA 사이의 시그널링 및 터널 설정 LMA (바인딩 관리: IPv6 HoA & IPv4 HoA  IPv4 or IPv6 Proxy-CoA ) IPv4-UDP-IPv6-PBU IPv4-UDP-IPv6-PBU IPv6-PBU IPv6-PBAck IPv4-UDP-IPv6-PBAck IPv4-UDP-IPv6-PBAck NAT 6-in-6Tunnel 4-in-6Tunnel 6-in-4Tunnel 4-in-4Tunnel 6-in-udp-in-4Tunnel 4-in-udp-in-4Tunnel MAG MAG MAG MN 이 IPv6 네트워크로 이동할 때 MN 이 IPv4 네트워크로 이동할 때 MN 이 PrivateIPv4 네트워크로 이동할 때 VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  20. DS-PMIPv6 테스트베드-1 v4/v6 VoD Server CN eth1) 192.168.2.1 3ffe:2::1/64 ETRI (2007,2008) LMA V4/V6 network MN has Dual Stack and both addresses are always enabled eth0) 192.168.2.2 3ffe:2::2/64 LMA가 MN에게 할당할 Prefix Pool 3ffe:1:3:1::/64 ~ 3ffe:1:3:ffff::/64 eth0) 192.168.1.1 3ffe:1::1/64 NAT 192.168.1.3 Private V4 network V6 network eth0) 10.0.0.1 MAG3 V4 network eth0) 3ffe:1::2/64 MAG1 eth0) 192.168.1.2 MAG2 ra0) 10.0.1.1 3ffe:1:3::1/64 fe80::1 ra0) 192.168.101.1 3ffe:1:1::1/64 fe80::1 ra0) 192.168.102.1 3ffe:1:2::1/64 fe80::1 SSID: PMIP3 SSID: PMIP1 SSID: PMIP2 초기 실행: v4 VoD Client 초기 실행: v6 VoD Client VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  21. Subnet 4 VoD (PC4) 192.168.4.1 192.168.4.2 LMA (PC0) 192.168.3.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.2 802.11g 802.11a NAT2 NAT1 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.1 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.2 Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3 MAG1 (PC1) MAG2 (PC2) MAG3 (PC3) 10.0.101.1 10.0.102.1 10.0.101.1 192.168.5.1 192.168.5.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.5.1 Notebook1 Notebook1 Notebook2 Notebook1 DS-PMIPv6 테스트베드-2 KT (2007): DS-PMIPv6 with Only Private IPv4 Network and IPv4 Application VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  22. Test: MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 • Test Results with Heavy Traffic (presented at MobiWorld 2008 conference) • Encoding Rate: 2Mbps UDP Throughput of MIPv6 UDP Throughput of PMIPv6 VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  23. Network-based Mobility Optimization VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  24. Network-based Handover Optimization • 네트워크 기반의 IP Handover 기술 및 최적화 • Basic Standard • ProxyMobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) – RFC 5213 (Aug. 2008) • Base Protocol • IETF의 네트워크 기반 핸드오버 최적화 기술 • Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (F-PMIPv6) • draft-ietf-mipshop-pfmipv6-04.txt (May 2009) • 핸드오버시 라우터간 터널링 기술 • Transient Binding for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (TB-PMIPv6) • draft-ietf-mipshop-transient-bce-pmipv6-02.txt (March 2009) • Make-before-break 핸드오버시 두 개의 인터페이스를 동시에 사용할 수 있는 기술 MD (필요없음), DAD (생략가능), Network-based BU L2 handover [PMIPv6] time Layer 2+3 Latency VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  25. Fast Handover for PMIPv6 • F-PMIPv6 Procedure Access technology specific(out of scope) (Tunnel Setup) NAR requests PAR to forward or buffer the packets& Tunnel Setup (When?  out of scope) Forwarding (Buffering at NAR) Access technology specific(out of scope) VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  26. Fast Handover for PMIPv6 • PMIPv6 vs. F-PMIPv6 LMA LMA PMIPv6 Old MAG Old MAG PBU PBAck HAck HI PBU PBAck New MAG New MAG Buffering Link-specific Handover Link-specific Handover MN MN HO-COMPLETE(Link-UP) HO-INITIATE F-PMIPv6 Total Handover Latency Total Handover Latency HO-COMPLETE(Link-UP) HO-INITIATE VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  27. New Issues and Summary VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  28. IETF NetEXT2 WG • IETF’s New WG – NetExt (NETLMM Extension) • 2009년 7월 첫 WG 회의 (75th IETF - Stockholm, Sweden) • PMIPv6에 대한 Extension 기술에 대한 표준화 • Work Items on Consensus • Localized routing • bulk-registration • Runtime LMA selection • IETF’s New BoF – NetExt2 (NETLMM Extension 2) • 2009년 7월 첫 BoF 회의 • More controversial issues • Multiple Interface support • Inter-technology handovers “Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and NEMO Basic Support”, IETF Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-mext-flow-binding-03.txt, July 2009. VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  29. New Issues in PMIPv6 • What Issues in NetEXT2 BoF ? • Scenario 1: Setting up Mobility Sessions on Demand • Create additional mobility sessions on demand • e.g., additional connection for a particular service • A new mobility session with a new prefix is created LMA LMA Mobile IPTVflow PBU(HI=1) Mobile IPTVflow PBU(HI=1) 다른 인터페이스의 스위치를 올려서 단순하게 접속만 시도했군 !세션이동성은 없고… MAG MAG MAG MAG VoIPflow VoIPflow WiMax 3G WiMax 3G HTTPflow WiBro 3G WiBro 3G MN MN VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  30. New Issues in PMIPv6 • What Issues in NetEXT2 BoF ? • Scenario 2: Flow Mobility • If another access is enabled on the MN, some of the existing flows could be moved over, to achieve, e.g., load balancing and better user experience LMA LMA Mobile IPTVflow PBU(HI=2) Mobile IPTVflow PBU(HI=1) 새로운 인터페이스로 세션을 이동하고 있네?Vertical 핸드오버군 ! MAG MAG MAG MAG VoIPflow VoIPflow WiMax 3G WiMax 3G WiBro 3G WiBro 3G MN MN VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

  31. Summary • Summary • Network-based IP Mobility Management • Proxy Mobile IPv6 • Dual Stack Support • IPv4/v6 Transport Network Support • IPv4/v6 Home Address Mobility • Fast Handover in PMIPv6 • Cross-layering Issues • Complete Support for Various Vertical Handover Scenario • “Initial Attachment” vs. “Handover” • Per-flow mobility Network-based Proxy MIPv6 Horizontal Handover A handover is initiated when mobile device exits the boundaries of an administrative domain. Single interface is used. Vertical Handover A mobile device does need to move in order to initiate a handover. Multiple interfaces are required, but use one interface at a time. Complexity Level Multiple Interface Management Simultaneous use of multiple interfaces and access networks. Association of an application with an interface Multiple Flow Management IETF New WG - Mif (Multi-interface) - Interface selection - Address selection Ability to split individual flows between links with respect to the requirements of the flows and the user preferences Host-based MIPv6 VoIP Forum - 2009 Summer Workshop

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