2010 – The Global Biodiversity Challenge

1. 2010 – The Global Biodiversity Challenge • Introduction • Objectives • CBD as an adequate framework • Expected output

2. The Strategic Plan for the Convention on Biological Diversity (2002) Achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth

3. Ggg Rationale

4. Genes, genomes Species, populations, communities Ecosystems, habitats Examples of elements to be assessed Number of varieties, cultivars and breeds; ecotypes; LMOs Population size (number of individuals; biomass or volume; density); species richness; number of endemic species coverage (e.g. vegetation, coral reefs); standing biomass; extent and amount of ecological services that can be provided Biological diversity Microorganisms Plants & animals Habitats

5. Genes, genomes Species, populations, communities Ecosystems, habitats Animal and plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (FAO, ITPGRFA, CGIAR); GMOs/LMOs (Biotech industry); local & indigenous communities Migratory species (CMS); Red lists (IUCN); endangered species (CITES, GRASP); invasive species (GISP); birds (Birdlife Int’l); keystone species; medicinal plants; Species 2000 (???); WWF, indicator species Wetlands (Ramsar); Biosphere reserves (UNESCO); hot spots (Conservation Int’l); protected areas (WCPA); forest (CPF); soil biology (TSBF); coral reefs (ICRI); WHC; agroecosystems (UNU, FAO, CGIAR) Biological diversity Microorganisms Plants & animals Habitats

6. Biodiversity provides goods and services that underpin sustainable development • Services such as • provision of freshwater, • soil conservation and climate stability. • Goods such as • food, fiber, fuel • medicines, shelter, building materials • materials for industry: agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, horticulture, construction and waste treatment , tourism • Biodiversity is also at the heart of many cultural values.

7. Biodiversity is being lost at increasing rates At the genetic level • 75% crop genetic diversity lost in past century At the species level • 20% freshwater fish species are extinct, threatened of endangered in recent decades • 75 % marine fish stocks are depleted, overexploited or at biological limit • 24% mammals and 12% birds threatened At the ecosystem level • 50% wetlands drained • 33% coral reefs destroyed or degraded • Historically, hot spots: 12% of earth’s land; today only 1.4 % • 17 M ha forests are cleared annually in tropics 5-10% forest species can face extinction in 30 years +/- 900 M people affected by biodiversity lossGBO, WRI and WEHAB WG 2002

8. Scale 3 Scale 2 Scale 1 • Proximate Drivers • Climate Change & Natural disasters • Land Use & Cover Change • Factor inputs (e.g., irrigation, fertilizers) • Pollution • Harvest • Nutrient Release • Species Introductions • Primary Drivers • Demographic Change • Economic Change (incl globalization, trade, market, & policy framework) • Social and Political Change (incl governance, institutional, & legal framework) • Technological change • Lifestyle and Behavioral change Demand • Ecosystems & their Services • Supporting (Biodiversity and ecosystem processes) • Provisioning (Food, water, fiber, fuel, other biological products) • Enriching (Cultural, aesthetic) • Wellbeing & Poverty Reduction • Health and disease • Environmental Security • Cultural Security • Economic Security • Equity = Strategies and Interventions The threats must be addressed MA Conceptual Framework From MA

9. CBD UNEP-WCMC UNDP with Governments of the UK and the Netherlands TNC, Birdlife International and RSPB

10. 2010 - The Global Biodiversity Challenge:Objectives • Understand biodiversity loss and its impacts, and measure the rate of loss • Explore and identify how existing and proposed initiatives for the conservation of biodiversity could address the 2010 target • Explore and identify how to report on progress and achievements

11. The Convention provides an adequate framework and tools for achieving the 2010 biodiversity target • Ratifications • Provisions of the Convention and its Protocol on Biosafety • Decisions of the Conference of the Parties • WSSD Plan of Implementation and relevance of MDGs

12. Convention on Biological Diversity • 1992: UNCED in Rio de Janeiro • 1993 : Entry into force • 187 Contracting Parties • 2002 WSSD in Johannesburg: Support sustainable development and poverty eradication (WEHAB, WSSD Plan of Implementation and Millennium Development Goals) • Objectives: • Conservation of biological diversity • Sustainable use of biodiversity • Fair and equitable sharing of benefits

13. Articles • 42 Articles • The Preamble and Articles 1 to 5describe the overall aims of the Convention and the context in which the instrument operates • Articles 6 to 20contain the substantive commitments or promises that Parties have agreed to in ratifying the Convention • Articles 21 to 27mainly deal with institutional structure and reporting • Article 28 onwardsdeal with procedural and housekeeping matters, such as amendment of the text of the Convention, adoption of protocols, etc. In addition: Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)

14. Programmes of work and other areas of work Thematic areas ([Programmes of work) Agricultural biodiversity Dry and sub-humid lands Forest biodiversity Inland waters biodiversity Marine and coastal biodiversity Mountain biodiversity [Island biodiversity] Cross cutting issues (]Guidelines) Ecosystem approach Global strategy for plant conservation Protected areas Monitoring and indicators Sustainable use Invasive alien species Article 8(j) Climate change and biodiversity Technology transfer Tourism development Incentive measures Access and benefit sharing Economics and trade Public education and awareness

15. Programmes of work Targeted actions: Conservation, sustainable use, benefit sharing Institutional and socioeconomic enabling environment Knowledge, assessment and monitoring

16. Programmes of work and other areas of work Thematic areas ([Programmes of work) Agricultural biodiversity Dry and sub-humid lands Forest biodiversity Inland waters biodiversity Marine and coastal biodiversity Mountain biodiversity [Island biodiversity] Cross cutting issues (]Guidelines) Ecosystem approach Global strategy for plant conservation Protected areas Monitoring and indicators Sustainable use Invasive alien species Article 8(j) Climate change and biodiversity Technology transfer Tourism development Incentive measures Access and benefit sharing Economics and trade Public education and awareness

17. Ecosystem approachStrategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way • Humans are an integral component of many ecosystems. • Ecosystem = dynamic complex of plants, animals and micro-organisms and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. • Adaptive management required to deal with complexity, dynamism and uncertainty • Spatial and temporal scale is determined by the problem being addressed. • Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning is priority target to maintain ecosystem goods and services • Ecosystem approach is primary framework and could integrate other approaches

18. Global Strategy for Plant ConservationA pilot approach within the context of the Strategic Plan • 16 outcome-oriented global targets for 2010 that can contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable development • National and/or regional targets to be developed and included in NBSAPs, according to national priorities and capacities and regional differences • Development of sub-targets or milestones, • Development of baseline data and indicators • Need for capacity-building and financial resources

19. Article 7 : Identification of important components for conservation and sustainable use (Articles 8 to 10) Monitor in particular those requiring urgent measures and those of greatest potential Identification of processes and categories of activities having potential adverse impacts Organization of databases. COP Assessment of status and trends (UNCCD, CMS, CITES, GBO, GBA, WRI, FRA/FAO, IUCN, WCMC, GMBA, ICRI/GCRMN, GIWA, MA etc.) Pilot assessments (e.g. invasives) Rapid assessment methods (inland , marine and coastal biodiversity/ Ramsar, CI etc) Work on indicators (OECD, CPF) Guidelines on EIA and SEA (IAIA, Ramsar and IUCN) Global Taxonomy initiative Capacity building and funding Objective 1Understand biodiversity loss and its impacts, and measure the rate of loss

20. Art. 8:In-situ conservation Art. 9:Ex-situ conservation Art. 10: Sustainable use Articles 11 to 19: Enabling environment COP Programme of work and/or guidelines on protected areas (2004)(WCPA, WCMC, CPF, MCPA); hot spots, ecological networks and corridors Guidelines for invasives (IMO, IPPC, GISP, OIE, IUCN) Programme of work on Article 8(j) and related provisions Practical principles and operational guidelines for sustainable use Objective 2How ongoing and proposed biodiversity conservation initiatives could address the 2010 target

21. Articles 11 to 19: Enabling environment COP Incentives Communication –Education and Public Awareness Impact assessment Bonn Guidelines on access to genetic resources Clearing-house mechanism Memoranda of understanding/ cooperation Biosafety Protocol Objective 2How ongoing and proposed biodiversity conservation initiatives could address the 2010 target

22. Art. 26:Reports: Prepare reports on measures taken and their effectiveness. COP Country studies National reports Thematic reports Global Biodiversity Outlook Objective 3Explore and identify how to report on progress and achievements

23. CBD = adequate framework Provisions of the Convention and its Protocol on Biosafety • Are the broad commitments for achieving conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing • Are the broad commitments for achieving the 2010 target • Establish important institutional arrangements and mechanisms

24. CBD = adequate framework Decisions of the Conference of the Parties • The ecosystem approach • The thematic programmes of work • Work on cross-cutting issues • Lead and other partners • WSSD Plan of Implementation and relevance of MDGs

25. Article 6: National biodiversity strategies and action plans Sectoral and cross-sectoral integration COP Strategic plan Global Strategy for Plant Conservation and 16 targets Assessment of capacities and financial needs Synergies and coordination (joint plans and activities) Integration into poverty eradication and sustainable development strategies Biodiversity Convention - COP decisions - World Summit on Sustainable Development

26. Expected output • Achievement of the 3 objectives • Promotion of a common effort towards halting the loss of biodiversity, thus • New or strengthened partnerships • Mobilization of financial support in particular for capacity building • Report will be submitted to SBSTTA 9 and should be useful to many other stakeholders

27. The Convention on Biological DiversityA framework for meeting the target of significantly reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010