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Early World History

Early World History. Indo-Europeans to the Middle Ages. Animal Domestication. http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.1/9971/F1.expansion.html. Indo-European Invasions. Triggered by flooding of the Black Sea, 5600 B.C.

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Early World History

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  1. Early World History Indo-Europeans to the Middle Ages

  2. Animal Domestication http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.1/9971/F1.expansion.html

  3. Indo-European Invasions Triggered by flooding of the Black Sea, 5600 B.C. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/400px-IE_expansion.png

  4. Indo-European Invasions http://media.maps.com/magellan/images/WRLH034-H.gif

  5. Indo-Europeans • Indo-Europeans (Aryan language) • Nomadic tribes • From Steppes of Asia • Herders and Grazers • Warfare using horses • Chariots • Swept into Old Europe, Middle East, India starting about 5,000 BC Hittite chariot http://socialscience.tyler.cc.tx.us/mkho/fulbright/1998/annerye/chariot.jpg

  6. Indo-European horse warfare Spread of Chariots, 2000-500 B.C. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Chariot_spread.png

  7. Indo-Europeans • Religion of war and male domination • Male gods of sky, thunder, war and mountains • Warrior Priests • Imposed ideology • Male dominance • Hierarchy • Herding economy Thor http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Thor.jpg/300px-Thor.jpg

  8. Ancient Herding CulturesIndo-European and Hebrew: basis of Western Culture Government Male Warrior Priests Economy Ideology Male domination of women, animals, and nature. War gods Herding, Animal agriculture Capital = head of cattle

  9. Indo-European Conquerers • Aryans in India • Established Caste system • Hittites and Mittani in the Fertile Crescent • Luians in Anatolia (Turkey) • Kurgans in eastern Europe • Battle-Axe People • Achaeans, Dorians in Greece

  10. Hittites 1300 B.C.(an Indo-European group) http://www.johnkinsella.net/Herod_Carte_Hittites.gif

  11. Diffusion of Indo-European Languages http://www.acns.com/~mm9n/hindu/ARYAN%20ORIGINS_files/image006.jpg

  12. Language Family Tree httphttp://www.freelang.net/families/pics/indoeuropean_tree_s.jpg

  13. Indo-European languages http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Indo-European_Groups_World_Distribution.gif/742px-Indo-European_Groups_World_Distribution.gif

  14. Indo-European languages http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/december/images/IEMap.jpg

  15. Before Indo -Europeans • Sedentary agrarian society • Fertility and nature worshiped • Goddess gave birth to • World • Agriculture • Priests male and female • Women’s status similar to men’s • Graves equal Fertility Figurine http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg

  16. After Indo-Europeans • Herding introduced • Warfare, war culture dominates • Fortifications built • Male War Gods worshiped • Male dominated society, religion • Goddess loses status • Killed or raped by male god • Becomes consort of male god • Becomes goddess of war • Women lose status in society • Owned by fathers then husbands • Graves unequal • Nature loses status in society • Economy based on domination of animals

  17. Early Civilizations http://www.hyperhistory.com

  18. Early Civilizations • City states • Elites • Religion • Crop domestication • Animal agriculture • Trade • Metallurgy • Bronze Age 3000 B.C. • Iron Age 1200 B.C. • Population explosion Bronze Age weapons http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/c/cf/180px-Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg

  19. MesopotamiaLand between two rivers • Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates fertilized soil • Irrigation, drainage produced early abundance • Competition and warfare between city states: • Ur • Uruk • Nippur • Babylon • Kish • Nineveh • Assur, etc. Fertile crescent http://www.crystalinks.com/mcresmap.jpg

  20. Mesopotamia • Over-salinization reduced wheat productivity in south by 2,000 B.C.: • political power shifted north • Eventual large scale ecological destruction • Fields and pastures worked until barren • Forests destroyed for • Fuel • ship building http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/fieldday/kids/pictures/kidsfield600/cg_wheat_closeup.jpg

  21. Egypt • Relative geographical isolation • strong central government, religion • Unification of North and South Nile • by 3,500 B.C. • 2,000 year dynasty ended in Persian conquest • 500 B.C. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/4396/EgyptMap.gif

  22. Egypt • Yearly flooding of Nile fertilized soil. • Irrigation, drainage controlled by Pharaoh • Abundant crops: wheat. • Later would be conquered for its productivity http://www.celsias.com/blog/images/agriculture_egypt.jpg

  23. Indus Valley Civilization • Arose 3000 BC • Contemporary of Egypt, Mesopotamia • Lasted longer • 1500 years • Conquered by Aryans from north

  24. Aryan Invasion of India • Aryans invaded 1750 BC • Indus, then Ganges valleys • Horse and herding culture • Vedas and Caste system • Foundation of Hinduism • Feudal Kingdoms spread through India • ruled by Brahmins (Priests) http://go.hrw.com/venus_images/0299MC02.gif

  25. BODY { SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #bba57b; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #ffd99c; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #977a00; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #0000e1; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: black; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #bba57b; scrollbar-3d-light-color: #ffd99C; scrollbar-dark-shadow-color: #404040 } BODY { SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #bba57b; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #ffd99c; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #977a00; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #0000e1; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: black; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #bba57b; scrollbar-3d-light-color: #ffd99C; scrollbar-dark-shadow-color: #404040 } Ancient Semitic Peoples(non-IndoEuropean) http://www.imninalu.net/2history.htm

  26. Assyrian Empire: 600 B.C. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=2551&rendTypeId=4

  27. Assyrian War Bulletin (1000 B.C.) • “Asshur my Lord commanded me to go forth…I covered the regions of Saraush and of Ammaush with ruins…I proved myself against their armies at the mountain of Aruma, I chastised them, I strawed the earth with their bodies as they had been beasts of the field; I took their cities in possession, I carried away their gods, I led them away captive, them and their goods and their treasures; http://www.mysteriousworld.com/Content/Images/Journal/2003/Autumn/Osiria/Hunter240.jpg

  28. Assyrian War Bulletin • “I burned the cities with fire, I destroyed them, I made them even with the ground, I made of them heaps and a desolation; I laid upon them the grievous yoke of my dominion, and in their presence I gave thanks unto Asshur my Lord.” • “I slew two hundred and sixty fighting men; I cut off their heads and made pyramids thereof. I slew one of every two.” http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3114/2439462705_4f312e0370_o.jpg

  29. Assyrian War Bulletin • “I built a wall before the great gates of the city; I flayed the chief men of the rebels, and I covered the wall with their skins. Some of them were enclosed alive in the bricks of the wall, some of them were crucified on stakes along the wall; I caused a great multitude of them to be flayed in my presence, and I covered the wall with their skins. I gathered together the heads in the form of crowns, and their pierced bodies in the form of garlands.”

  30. Assyrian Empire Government Assyrian Empire Economy Ideology Conquest Religion justifies conquest

  31. Biblical Warfare • Joshua leads the conquest of Jericho: • “And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and ass, with the edge of the sword.” • Joshua 6:21 Joshua at Jericho http://bp2.blogger.com/_CNmuiXT4qj0/RmT-U3RlXyI/AAAAAAAAAEk/4gvl9FD25fE/s400/dore_075.gif

  32. Biblical Warfare • Saul instructed by God to destroy the Amelekites (1000 B.C.): “Spare no one; put them all to death, men and women, children and babes in arms, herds and flocks, camels and asses.” -- I Samuel 15:3 http://siteimages.guggenheim.org/gpc_work_midsize_608.jpg

  33. Persian Empire: 525 B. C. http://www.spentaproductions.com/images/Achaemenid_Empire_Map_550.jpg

  34. The World: 500 B.C. http://www.hyperhistory.com

  35. Empire of Alexander the Great:323 B. C. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=1037&rendTypeId=4

  36. Greek Influence • Alexander the Great conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire 323 B.C. • Introduced Hellenistic culture to the mideast • Maintained by subsequent Greek rulers until 130 B. C. • Greeks colonized southern Italy and Sicily for grain growing http://www.topsfieldschools.org/PROCTOR/P_SS/Ancient%20Greece/taranto.jpg

  37. Roman Empire • Romans conquered Italy and Sicily, • Romans then conquered the entire Greek world (except for Persia): • Asia Minor • Mesopotamia • Egypt • Much of Europe http://www.hickmanclass.com/Chapter%2010/Roman%20Empire.bmp

  38. Roman Empire: Wheat Empire • Roman empire dependent on wheat to feed soldiers • And populace of Rome • Roman forts were granaries designed to hold a year supply of wheat in case of siege • Soldier’s rations were 3 pounds of wheat a day. • Barley was punishment rations • The Roman garrison in Britain consumed 1,277.5 tons of grain/yr • Much of it was brought by ship from supply depots Roman Fort http://farm1.static.flickr.com/183/457568249_198bf34e70.jpg?v=0

  39. Roman Empire: Wheat Empire http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/grainmap.jpg

  40. Roman Empire Elite in Rome Conquest Wealth, Tribute Food, Resources Conquered Peasants, Slaves

  41. Trade Routes of First Century A.D. • Extensive trade with India • Romans never conquered the Persians • Persians established silk trading routes to China http://medieval.ucdavis.edu/20A/Slide0004.gif

  42. Roman Trade • A fleet of specialized grain carriers was used to import wheat from Egypt to Rome • Huge food giveaway program for citizens • Romans depleted their treasury importing luxury items and spices from India • Could no longer support food giveaways or army • Led to collapse of Empire in West Roman grain import http://http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/ship2.jpg

  43. Roman Inheritance • Romans inherited 3000 years of Mid East Culture: • Writing • Art • Math • Science • Agriculture • Religion • Romans passed this culture on to Europe http://www.hickmanclass.com/Chapter%2010/Roman%20Empire.bmp

  44. Source: Ricardo Salvador

  45. The World: 500 B.C. http://www.hyperhistory.com

  46. Shang Dynasty in China • 1700-1000 BC • First Chinese dynasty • Yellow River Basin http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum

  47. Zhou Dynasty in China • 1000-221 BC • Yellow and Yangtze river basins • Great Wall started in north http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum

  48. Ch’in Dynasty • 221-206 BC • Warring states of China united • Includes Yellow, Yangtze, and Xi River Basins http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum

  49. Han Dynasty • 206 BC-220 AD • Western expansion opens Silk road • Southward expansion for rice production • Central control of dams, canals, irrigation http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum

  50. T’ang Dynasty • 580-907 AD • Grand Canal Opened • Links Yellow and Yangtze river basins • 1100 miles long http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum

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