Unit 6: Atmosphere

1. Unit 6: Atmosphere At the end of this unit you will be able to ·Interpret graphs on the atmosphere ·State the purpose of ozone ·Read and interpret the Electromagnetic Spectrum chart ·Identify the three ways that heat transfers ·Label a phase diagram · State the reason for seasons ·List the reasons that the earth is heated unevenly

2. Unit 6: Atmosphere Laboratory Activities for this unit: • The structure and Composition of the Atmosphere • Conduction • Changes in State

3. In your table of contents • Weather 1 • 71-72: Atmosphere vocabulary • 73: Atmosphere composition • 74: atmosphere structure • 75: Sunlight and our atmosphere • 75: Heat flow • 76: Specific heat, p 1 ESRT • 77: Temperature and Phase changes • 78: Electromagnetic energy, p 14 ESRT, spectrum

4. In your table of contents • Weather 1 • 79: Energy: transfer methods (foldable) • 80: Intensity of light (foldable)

5. Now turn to page 71 and number up to page 80 • When you are finished numbering turn to page 71 and title the page • Unit 6 Vocabulary: Weather 1 • You will be writing 13 vocabulary definitions

6. Conduction: Transfer of energy by direct contact, solids best • Convection: transfer of energy because of density differences • Radiation: How electromagnetic (light) energy moves, no medium needed

7. Ozone: molecule made of 3 atoms of oxygen, absorbs UV energy from the sun • Specific heat: how easy or hard a material is to heating or cooling • Temperature: measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms

8. Wavelength: distance between 2 of the same points on 2 adjacent waves • Calorie: amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius

9. Melting: adding heat to change from a solid to a liquid • Freezing: removing heat to change from a liquid to a solid • Evaporation/ vaporization: adding heat to change from a liquid to a vapor

10. Condensation: removing heat to change from a gas to a liquid • Sublimation: Skipping a phase, from a solid to a gas or a gas to a solid

11. On page 73 of your notebook I. Atmosphere A.Composition (p 1, ESRT) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) a.Too much = global warming b.Acts like a blanketkeeps heat in c. humans produce it by burning fossil fuels

12. Air We Breathe Lithosphere Water

13. On page 73 of your notebook I. Atmosphere 2. . Water (H2O) a. only substance that exists insolid, liquid and a gas, in the atmosphere b.example: rain, hail, clouds

14. On page 73 of your notebook I. Atmosphere 3. Ozone (O3) a. protects us from Ultra Violet light (UV) b. Absorbs UV Light c. when the UV hits it, it naturally destroys the Ozone d. Ozone near the surface can cause breathing difficulties

15. On page 74 of your notebook I. Atmosphere B. Structure/ Layers (p 14, ESRT) 1. Troposphere: we live in it, all the water 2. Stratosphere: ozone layer 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere

16. On page 74 of your notebook Selected Properties of the Earth’s Atmosphere

17. II. Sunlight and our atmosphere On page 75 of your notebook 1. Sun is the source of all energy in the atmosphere 2. Sunlight = INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION = visible light 3. P 14, ESRT, Spectrum chart 4. Sunlight heats air, hot air rises because it is less dense

19. On page 75 of your notebook III. Heat 1. flows from high to low a. High temp to low temp, until the temperatures are equal.

20. On page 76 of your notebook III. Heat 2. Specific heat a. amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance b. if it heats up fast it cools down fast, low Specific heat (little number) c. if it heats up slow it cools down slow, high specific heat (large number)

21. On page 76 of your notebook and on page 1 of your ESRT Specific heat BIG NUMBER Heats up slow, cools down slow lots of energy has to be absorbed Little number Heats up fast, cools down fast, very little energy has to be absorbed to cause a temp change

22. On page 77 of your notebook IV. Temperature 1. a measure of how hot or cold a substance is 2. Phase changes FOLDABLE 3. Meltingfreezing: Add heat remove heat 4.VaporizationCondensation Add heat remove heat

24. Add heat On page 77 of your notebook, and page 1 of your ESRT Remove heat Gas Add heat Liquid Remove heat Solid

25. On page 78 of your notebook V. Energy A.Electromagnetic energy 1.everything gives off energy 2. Spectrum, blue light, short, hot

26. On page 78 of your notebook, and page 14 of your ESRT

27. Analogy: Think smurfette, blue waves are short and hot! On page 78 of your notebook This lovely creature is smurfette, she is loved by all the smurfs in fact they think she is hot, and due to her height she is considered short

28. On page 79 of your notebook V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy FOLDABLE 1. Conduction- direct contact, metals, materials with low specific heat Analogy: hand on the stove top

29. On page 79 of your notebook When you place your hand on the handle and it is not insulated you will burn your hand because metals conduct heat

30. On page 79 of your notebook V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy 2. Convection- due to density differences Analogy: hot air balloon, or a lava lamp

31. On page 79 of your notebook The hot water goes to the top because it is less dense as it travels across the top it cools and sinks because it is more dense

32. On page 79 of your notebook Hot rises Cold sinks

33. On page 79 of your notebook V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy 3.Radiation-sunlight, heat a.energy in = short waves b. energy out = given off, re- radiated heat, long wavelength

34. Clouds reflect some of the sunlight out into space and the rest is absorbed by the surface

35. V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy 4.Absorbers / Reflectors a. Dark, rough, absorb Light, shiny, reflect

36. VI. Intensity of light • Intensity means: how strong something is • How strong the light is 1. angle- high in the sky or low in the sky 2.length or duration- long or short

37. VI. Intensity of light a.longest day of sunlight = June 21 b. shortest day of sunlight = Dec 21

39. VI. Intensity of light B.Shape of the earth 1.north pole- south pole = less sunlight 2. equator = more sunlight

40. V. Intensity of light C.Seasons 1.Tilt of the earth 2.Summer in the N. Hemisphere = sunlight more direct, sun high in the sky 3. Winter in the N. hemisphere = sunlight less direct, sun low in the sky

42. Extra Credit Assignment Weather Watch Storm stories on The weather Channel and write a 1 page review of what the show was about and list 5 things you have learned about weather. You must include the date of the show and title. You are allowed to turn in 5 assignments maximum. They are due by April 4th, 2007