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ASSESSING ERGONOMIC HAZARD

ASSESSING ERGONOMIC HAZARD. Purposes. To Identify specific work place hazards that can cause or aggravate work-related MSIs , and than to reduce the workers exposure. WMSDs ?. W ork-related M usculo S keletal D isorder s. Injuries and risk factors.

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ASSESSING ERGONOMIC HAZARD

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  1. ASSESSING ERGONOMIC HAZARD

  2. Purposes • To Identify specific work place hazards that can cause or aggravate work-related MSIs, and than to reduce the workers exposure

  3. WMSDs? Work-related Musculo Skeletal Disorders

  4. Injuries and risk factors • What are Work-related Musculo Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? • Common types and symptoms of injury • Causes and prevention of injury

  5. What are Work-related Musculo Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? • Also known as: • Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) • Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs) • Overuse injuries • Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULDs) • Musculo Skeletal Injuries (MSIs) • MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) • Soft tissue injuries • Usually develop gradually, but sometimes can appear suddenly • Can be serious, if not taken care of early

  6. What are some of the symptoms of WMSDs? • Discomfort • Pain • Numbness (baal) • Tingling (semutan) • Burning • Swelling (bengkak) • Change in color • Tightness, loss of flexibility

  7. It does not and cannot eliminate all MSIs among affected workers • It’s only reduce incidence / severity of MSIs caused in whole or in part of the risk factors listed in in the hazard assessment checklist • Non work-exposures and risk factors inherent individual worker are not addressed • Use of this recommendation is voluntary

  8. Is this a caution zone job? • A caution zone job is a job where worker’s typical work activities meet one or more of the physical risk factors and level listed in table 1 • Typical work activities are those that are regular and forseeable part of the job , > 1 day/week , > 1 week/year • Caution zone job all have sufficient degree of risk -> need some precautionary steps be taken (ergonomic awareness training and hazard assessment)-but they do not necessarily have risks great enough to require corrective action • Caution zone may not be hazardous

  9. The duration list in table 1 (see acrobat reader doc , page 3) • Two hours – refer to the total amount of time workers exposed to the risk factors, not how long they spend performing the work activity that includes the risk factor

  10. What action that employer should take • If there are no physical risk factor exceeding the level list in table 1 NO ACTIONS ARE REQUIRED • If ≥ 1 physical risk factors exceed the level list in table 1CAUTION ZONE JOB ergonomic awareness training to provide workers with a basic level of understanding knowledge

  11. The training for workers should include: • How to use their work station, including how to adjust its equipment and furnishings • How to use or select tools appropriate to the work they are performing • The safe work practices they are expected to follow; and • Information describing the signs, symptoms and methods of preventing MSIs

  12. When should a hazard performance be performed • When work process or operation changes • When a new work process is introduced • Prior to the design and installation and a new workstation • Affected worker should be involved in hazard assessment

  13. Ergonomics Rule: Major features Do you have “caution zone” jobs? No Yes Not covered No requirements No hazards present Hazards present No additional requirements Reduce exposure below the hazard level or to the degree feasible Annual review Annual review • Two requirements: • Awareness education • Evaluate “caution zone jobs” for hazards

  14. Injuries and risk factors

  15. What causes WMSDs? Risk Factors • Awkward Postures • High Hand Force • Repetitive Motions • Repeated Impacts • Heavy, Frequent, or Awkward Lifting • Moderate to High Hand-Arm Vibration

  16. Risk Factors Risk of injury depends upon: • Duration (how long) • Frequency (how often) • Intensity (how much) • Combinations of risk factors

  17. Risk Factors Duration • usually need hours of exposure before risk factors become a concern • Can be all at one time or cumulative over the day

  18. Risk factors for WMSDs Awkward postures

  19. Head level Shoulders relaxed Elbows at sides Low back supported Wrists straight Feet supported Neutral postures Standing neutral posture Seated neutral posture

  20. Hands over head or elbows above shoulders For more than 2 hours per day

  21. Neck bent more than 30° For more than 2 hours per day

  22. Back bent more than 30° For more than 2 hours per day

  23. Squatting For more than 2 hours per day

  24. Kneeling For more than 2 hours per day

  25. Wrists bent Extension Ulnar deviation Flexion

  26. Reducing awkward postures • Change workstation heights & display heights • Tilt or rotate the work • Use platforms • Bring items within easy reach • Pause to stretch

  27. Reducing awkward postures Case Study

  28. Risk Factors for WMSDs High hand force

  29. High hand force A power grip can be 5 times stronger than a pinch grip = 10 lbs 2 lbs

  30. Gripping with the whole hand 10 lbs. of weight or force for more than 2 hours per day

  31. Pinching with the fingertips 2 lbs. of weight or 4 lbs. of force for more than 2 hours per day

  32. Other factors • Your grip strength decreases when you: • Bend your wrists • Pick up slippery items • Wear poorly fitting gloves • Have cold hands

  33. Avoid pinch grips • Pick objects up from the bottom using whole hand • Attach handles or use lift tools • Build up handles on small tools to reduce grip force

  34. Reduce power grip force • Pick up smaller loads • Use power tools instead of hand tools • Keep tools in good working order • Use lighter tools or tool balancers • Use two hands • Keep your wrists straight

  35. Avoid holding onto objects for long periods • Use clamps to hold onto work • Place items on carts rather than carrying them • Put down a tool when not actually using it

  36. Use tool balancers Case Study

  37. Tool use example Use tools that let you keep your wrist straight Working with bent wrists decreases grip strength

  38. Risk factors for WMSDs Highly repetitive motions

  39. Highly repetitive motion For more than 2 hours per day

  40. Reducing repetition • Arrange work to avoid unnecessary motions • Let power tools and machinery do the work • Take stretch pauses • Rotate task with co-workers if possible • Change hands or motions frequently

  41. Reducing repetitive motions Case Study

  42. Intensive keying For more than 4 hours per day

  43. Reducing intensive keying • Spread keyboard work throughout the day • Take stretch pauses • Improve your posture and move around as much as possible

  44. Risk factors for WMSDs Repeated impacts

  45. Repeated impacts Using the hand or knee as a hammer more than 10 times per hour, more than 2 hours per day

  46. Avoiding repeated impacts • Use tools instead of your hand or knee

  47. Risk factors for WMSDs Heavy, frequent or awkward lifting

  48. Heavy lifting • Lifting 75 lbs. once per day • Lifting 55 lbs. more than 10 times per day

  49. Reducing heavy lifting • Take smaller loads at one time • Use mechanical assistance - handtrucks, carts, hoists, conveyors • Get help from a co-worker

  50. Frequent lifting • Lifting more than 10 lbs., more than twice per minute, for more than 2 hours per day

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